Q: A local wetland releases 37 g of $$CH_4$$ per $$m^2$$ per year. How many grams of carbon are released per $$m^2$$ per year? (Molar mass of $$CH_4 = 16.04$ g/mol, C = 12.01 g/mol)

$$\frac{37 \times 12.01}{16.04} = 27.7$$ grams

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 2

A local wetland releases 37 g of $$CH_4$$ per $$m^2$$ per year. How many grams of carbon are released per $$m^2$$ per year? (Molar mass of $$CH_4 = 16.04$ g/mol, C = 12.01 g/mol)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{37 	imes 12.01}{16.04} = 27.7$$ grams

Question 3

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 4

What is the nuclear symbol for an oxygen isotope with 8 protons and 10 neutrons?

Accepted Answer

$$^{18}_{8}O$$

Question 5

Which type of radioactive decay results in a neutron turning into a proton and the emission of an electron?

Accepted Answer

Beta decay

Question 6

What is the ground state electron configuration for chlorine (atomic number 17)?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\ $$2s^2$$\ $$2p^6$$\ $$3s^2$$\ $$3p^5$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why different elements produce different colors in a flame test?

Accepted Answer

Each element has a unique electron configuration, resulting in unique energy transitions and photon emissions.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about the quantum model of the atom?

Accepted Answer

Electrons exist in orbitals, which are regions of high probability, not fixed paths.

Question 9

A soil particle attracts $$Ca^{2+}$$ ions. What is the likely charge on the soil particle?

Accepted Answer

Negative

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between the Bohr model and the quantum model of the atom?

Accepted Answer

The Bohr model uses fixed orbits, while the quantum model uses probability-based orbitals.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct order of filling for electron orbitals according to the Aufbau principle?

Accepted Answer

$$1s \rightarrow 2s \rightarrow 2p \rightarrow 3s \rightarrow 3p \rightarrow 4s \rightarrow 3d$$

Question 12

If an atom has 15 protons, 16 neutrons, and 15 electrons, what is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$15 + 16 = 31$$

Question 13

Which type of radioactive emission is most penetrating and requires lead shielding to block?

Accepted Answer

Gamma rays

Question 14

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the p orbitals in a single energy level?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 15

Which of the following best describes what happens when an electron in an atom absorbs energy?

Accepted Answer

It moves to a higher energy level (excited state).

Question 16

Carbon-14 undergoes beta decay. What element does it become?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen-14

Question 17

Which of the following is true about stable and radioactive isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Stable isotopes do not undergo radioactive decay, while radioactive isotopes do.

Question 18

How many electrons are in the second shell of a neutral oxygen atom (atomic number 8)?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the atomic mass of carbon is not exactly 12?

Accepted Answer

It is a weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes of carbon.

Question 20

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the third main shell (n=3) in an atom?

Accepted Answer

18

Atomic Structure: Radioactivity & Electron Orbitals – Study Notes

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