Q: A sample of gas occupies 4.0 L at 1.0 atm and 300 K. What will be its volume at 2.0 atm and 300 K, assuming ideal behavior?

$$V_2$$ = \frac{$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$}{$$P_2$$} = \frac{1.0 \times 4.0}{2.0} = 2.0\ \text{L}$$

Q: What is the value and units of the ideal gas constant $$R$$ when pressure is in atmospheres, volume in liters, and temperature in Kelvin?

$$R = 0.0821\ \text{L} \cdot \text{atm} / (\text{mol} \cdot \text{K})$$

Q: Which of the following sets of conditions represents STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure)?

$$1\ \text{atm},\ 0^\circ \text{C},\ 273\ \text{K}$$

Q: A 5.00 g sample of oxygen gas ($$O_2) is $$placed in a 10.0 L container at 300 K. What is the pressure in the container? ($$M_{O_2$} = 32.0\ \text{g/mol}$$, $$R = 0.0821\ \text{L} \cdot \text{atm} / (\text{mol} \cdot \text{K}))$$

$$P = \frac{nRT}{V} = \frac{(5.00/32.0) \times 0.0821 \times 300}{10.0} = 0.385\ \text{atm}$$

Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between pressure and volume for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, according to Boyle's Law?

Accepted Answer

Pressure and volume are inversely proportional.

Question 2

A sample of gas occupies 4.0 L at 1.0 atm and 300 K. What will be its volume at 2.0 atm and 300 K, assuming ideal behavior?

Accepted Answer

$$V_2$$ = \frac{$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$}{$$P_2$$} = \frac{1.0 	imes 4.0}{2.0} = 2.0\ 	ext{L}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) for ideal gases?

Accepted Answer

Gas particles experience significant attractive and repulsive forces.

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct definition of pressure?

Accepted Answer

The force exerted per unit area.

Question 5

Convert a pressure of 760 mmHg to atmospheres (atm).

Accepted Answer

$$1\ 	ext{atm}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a reason real gases deviate from ideal gas behavior at high pressures?

Accepted Answer

Gas particles experience significant intermolecular forces.

Question 7

What is the value and units of the ideal gas constant $$R$$ when pressure is in atmospheres, volume in liters, and temperature in Kelvin?

Accepted Answer

$$R = 0.0821\ 	ext{L} \cdot 	ext{atm} / (	ext{mol} \cdot 	ext{K})$$

Question 8

At STP, what volume will 2.00 moles of an ideal gas occupy?

Accepted Answer

$$44.8\ 	ext{L}$$

Question 9

A weather balloon contains 10.0 L of helium at 1.00 atm and 300 K. If the balloon rises to a region where the pressure is 0.500 atm and the temperature is 250 K, what will be the new volume? (Assume ideal gas behavior.)

Accepted Answer

$$V_2$$ = \frac{$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ $$T_2$$}{$$T_1$$ $$P_2$$} = \frac{1.00 	imes 10.0 	imes 250}{300 	imes 0.500} = 16.7\ 	ext{L}$$

Question 10

Which of the following sets of conditions represents STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure)?

Accepted Answer

$$1\ 	ext{atm},\ 0^\circ 	ext{C},\ 273\ 	ext{K}$$

Question 11

A 5.00 g sample of oxygen gas ($$O_2) is $$placed in a 10.0 L container at 300 K. What is the pressure in the container? ($$M_{O_2$} = 32.0\ 	ext{g/mol}$$, $$R = 0.0821\ 	ext{L} \cdot 	ext{atm} / (	ext{mol} \cdot 	ext{K}))$$

Accepted Answer

$$P = \frac{nRT}{V} = \frac{(5.00/32.0) 	imes 0.0821 	imes 300}{10.0} = 0.385\ 	ext{atm}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the volume of a gas increases with temperature at constant pressure?

Accepted Answer

Gas particles move faster and collide with the walls more frequently and with greater force.

Question 13

A scuba tank contains air at 200 atm and 300 K. If the tank is left in the sun and the temperature rises to 330 K, what is the new pressure (assuming constant volume)?

Accepted Answer

$$P_2$$ = $$P_1$$ \frac{$$T_2$$}{$$T_1$$} = 200 	imes \frac{330}{300} = 220\ 	ext{atm}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example where deviations from the ideal gas law are significant?

Accepted Answer

High-pressure gas cylinders used in industry.

Question 15

Which gas law explains why a sealed bag of chips expands when taken to a higher altitude (lower external pressure)?

Accepted Answer

Boyle's Law

Question 16

If 3.00 moles of a gas occupy 67.2 L at STP, what is the molar volume of the gas under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{67.2\ 	ext{L}}{3.00\ 	ext{mol}} = 22.4\ 	ext{L/mol}$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the ideal gas law is correct?

Accepted Answer

It combines Boyle's, Charles's, and Avogadro's laws into one equation.

Question 18

A gas sample has a pressure of 2.50 atm. What is this pressure in kPa? (1 atm = 101.3 kPa)

Accepted Answer

$$2.50 	imes 101.3 = 253.25\ 	ext{kPa}$$

Chapter 11: Gases – Study Guide and Key Concepts

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