Q: Calculate the mass percent of KBr in a solution prepared by dissolving 51.0 g of KBr in 310 g of water.

$$ \frac{51.0}{51.0 + 310} \times 100\% = 14.1\% $$

Q: What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 23.7 g NaOH (molar mass = 40.00 g/mol) in enough water to make 2.50 L of solution?

$$ \frac{23.7 \text{ g}}{40.00 \text{ g/mol}} = 0.5925 \text{ mol}; \frac{0.5925 \text{ mol}}{2.50 \text{ L}} = 0.237 \text{ M} $$

Q: A 0.350 M solution of Ga(OH)$$_3 is $$prepared. What is the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution?

$$ 0.350 \text{ M} \times 3 = 1.05 \text{ M} $$

Q: What is the final molarity when 50.0 mL of 6.0 M HCl is diluted to a total volume of 300.0 mL?

$$ M_1V_1 = M_2V_2; 6.0 \times 50.0 = M_2$ \times 300.0; M_2$ = 1.0 \text{ M} $$

Q: A solution is prepared by dissolving 43.0 g KClO$$_3 ($$molar mass = 122.55 g/mol) in enough water to make 100.0 mL of solution. If the density of the solution is 1.76 g/mL, what is the molality of KClO$$_3$$?

$$ \text{Molality} = \frac{0.351 \text{ mol}}{0.176 \text{ kg}} = 1.99 \text{ m} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a solution?

Accepted Answer

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances with uniform composition throughout.

Question 2

A student dissolves 10.0 g of NaCl in 500.0 mL of water. Identify the solute and solvent in this solution.

Accepted Answer

Solute: 10.0 g NaCl; Solvent: 500.0 mL water

Question 3

Which statement correctly applies the concept 'like dissolves like'?

Accepted Answer

Polar solutes dissolve best in polar solvents due to similar intermolecular forces.

Question 4

Which of the following is a colloid?

Accepted Answer

Milk

Question 5

Calculate the mass percent of KBr in a solution prepared by dissolving 51.0 g of KBr in 310 g of water.

Accepted Answer

$$ \frac{51.0}{51.0 + 310} 	imes 100\% = 14.1\% $$

Question 6

What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 23.7 g NaOH (molar mass = 40.00 g/mol) in enough water to make 2.50 L of solution?

Accepted Answer

$$ \frac{23.7 	ext{ g}}{40.00 	ext{ g/mol}} = 0.5925 	ext{ mol}; \frac{0.5925 	ext{ mol}}{2.50 	ext{ L}} = 0.237 	ext{ M} $$

Question 7

A 0.350 M solution of Ga(OH)$$_3 is $$prepared. What is the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$ 0.350 	ext{ M} 	imes 3 = 1.05 	ext{ M} $$

Question 8

Which of the following solutions will have the highest concentration of bromide ions?

Accepted Answer

0.10 M AlBr$$_3$$

Question 9

According to Henry’s Law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is:

Accepted Answer

Directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.

Question 10

As temperature increases, what generally happens to the solubility of gases and solids in water?

Accepted Answer

The solubility of gases decreases, and the solubility of most solids increases.

Question 11

What is the final molarity when 50.0 mL of 6.0 M HCl is diluted to a total volume of 300.0 mL?

Accepted Answer

$$ M_1V_1 = M_2V_2; 6.0 	imes 50.0 = M_2$ 	imes 300.0; M_2$ = 1.0 	ext{ M} $$

Question 12

A solution is prepared by dissolving 43.0 g KClO$$_3 ($$molar mass = 122.55 g/mol) in enough water to make 100.0 mL of solution. If the density of the solution is 1.76 g/mL, what is the molality of KClO$$_3$$?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Molality} = \frac{0.351 	ext{ mol}}{0.176 	ext{ kg}} = 1.99 	ext{ m} $$

Question 13

Which of the following compounds will have the largest value for the Van’t Hoff factor (i)?

Accepted Answer

AlCl$$_3$$

Question 14

What is the boiling point of a 3.71 m aqueous CaBr$$_2$$ solution? (Assume $$i = 3$$, $$K_b = 0.51$$ $$^\circC/m$$, normal BP of water = 100.0 $$^\circC)$$

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta T_b = i K_b m = 3 	imes 0.51 	imes 3.71 = 5.68 ^\circ 	ext{C}; 	ext{BP} = 100.0 + 5.68 = 105.68 ^\circ 	ext{C} $$

Question 15

A red blood cell placed in pure water will swell because:

Accepted Answer

The osmotic pressure is greater in the cell than in the water.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane into a region of high solute concentration.

Question 17

A solution with the same osmotic pressure as blood is:

Accepted Answer

Isotonic to the blood

Question 18

Which of the following compounds will have the highest boiling point elevation when dissolved in water at the same molality?

Accepted Answer

0.25 m NH$$_4NO$_3$$

Chapter 13: Solutions – Study Notes for Introductory Chemistry

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