Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between ionic and covalent compounds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic compounds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent compounds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 2

Which of the following molecules has a dipole moment?

Accepted Answer

Ammonia, $$\mathrm{NH_3$}$$

Question 3

A sample of gas occupies $$2.0\ \mathrm{L} at$$ $$1.0\ \mathrm{atm}$$ and $$300\ \mathrm{K}. If $$the pressure is increased to $$2.0\ \mathrm{atm}$$ and the temperature is increased to $$600\ \mathrm{K}$$, what is the new volume of the gas? (Assume ideal gas behavior.)

Accepted Answer

$$4.0\ \mathrm{L}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) $$has a higher boiling point than methane ($$\mathrm{CH_4$}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydrogen bonds, which are stronger than the London dispersion forces present in methane.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the octet rule is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve eight electrons in their outermost shell.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct electron configuration for a neutral oxygen atom?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\ $$2s^2$$\ $$2p^4$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a hydrophobic substance?

Accepted Answer

A substance that repels water and does not dissolve in it.

Question 8

A solution is prepared by dissolving $$10.0\ \mathrm{g} of $$sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl}) in$$ $$100.0\ \mathrm{g} of $$water. Which term best describes this mixture?

Accepted Answer

Homogeneous solution

Question 9

Which of the following polyatomic ions is correctly matched with its formula?

Accepted Answer

Nitrate: $$\mathrm{NO_3$^-}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct empirical formula for a compound with the molecular formula $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_2O}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and water.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about oxidation and reduction is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why oil and water do not mix?

Accepted Answer

Oil is nonpolar and water is polar, so there are no strong intermolecular attractions between them.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct Lewis dot structure for a molecule of $$\mathrm{N_2$}$$?

Accepted Answer

A triple bond between two nitrogen atoms, each with one lone pair.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of evaporation?

Accepted Answer

A liquid changes to a gas at the surface below the boiling point.

Question 16

A $$5.00\ \mathrm{g}$$ sample of magnesium reacts with excess oxygen to form magnesium oxide. If the molar mass of magnesium is $$24.3\ \mathrm{g/mol}$$, how many moles of magnesium reacted?

Accepted Answer

$$0.205\ \mathrm{mol}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about viscosity?

Accepted Answer

Viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct molecular geometry for methane ($$\mathrm{CH_4$}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Tetrahedral

Question 19

Which of the following is the conjugate base of $$\mathrm{H_2SO_4}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{$$HSO_4$$^-}$$

Question 20

A $$2.00\ \mathrm{L}$$ sample of gas at $$300\ \mathrm{K}$$ and $$1.00\ \mathrm{atm} is $$compressed to $$1.00\ \mathrm{L}$$ and heated to $$600\ \mathrm{K}. $$What is the final pressure of the gas? (Assume ideal gas behavior.)

Accepted Answer

$$4.00\ \mathrm{atm}$$

CHEM 110 Final Exam Study Guide: Key Concepts and Principles

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