Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between ionic and covalent compounds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic compounds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent compounds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 2

Which of the following molecules has a dipole moment?

Accepted Answer

Ammonia ($$\mathrm{NH_3$})$$

Question 3

A sample of gas occupies $$2.0\ \mathrm{L} at$$ $$1.0\ \mathrm{atm}$$ and $$300\ \mathrm{K}. If $$the pressure is increased to $$2.0\ \mathrm{atm}$$ and the temperature is increased to $$600\ \mathrm{K}$$, what is the new volume of the gas? (Assume ideal gas behavior.)

Accepted Answer

$$4.0\ \mathrm{L}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) $$has a higher boiling point than methane ($$\mathrm{CH_4$}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydrogen bonds, which are stronger than the London dispersion forces present in methane.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the octet rule is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve eight electrons in their outermost shell.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for a neutral sulfur atom ($$Z=16$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\ $$2s^2$$\ $$2p^6$$\ $$3s^2$$\ $$3p^4$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a hydrophobic substance?

Accepted Answer

A substance that repels water and does not dissolve in it.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct example of a polyatomic ion?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{SO_4$^{2-}}$$

Question 9

A $$10.0\ \mathrm{g}$$ sample of a compound contains $$4.0\ \mathrm{g} of $$carbon, $$1.0\ \mathrm{g} of $$hydrogen, and $$5.0\ \mathrm{g} of $$oxygen. What is the empirical formula of the compound?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_2O}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and water.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about oxidation and reduction is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between evaporation and condensation?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation is the process of a liquid turning into a gas, while condensation is the process of a gas turning into a liquid.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct Lewis dot structure for carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$)?

Accepted Answer

O=C=O, with each O atom having two lone pairs

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a conjugate acid-base pair?

Accepted Answer

Two substances that differ by one proton ($$\mathrm{H^+}).$$

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct molecular geometry for ammonia ($$\mathrm{NH_3$}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Trigonal pyramidal

Question 16

A $$5.00\ \mathrm{g}$$ sample of a compound is found to contain $$2.00\ \mathrm{g} of $$nitrogen and $$3.00\ \mathrm{g} of $$oxygen. What is the percent by mass of nitrogen in the compound?

Accepted Answer

$$40\%$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why oil does not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Oil is nonpolar and water is polar.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for the polyatomic ion nitrate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NO_3$^-}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of combustion?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about viscosity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow.

CHEM 110 Final Exam Study Guide: Key Concepts and Topics

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