Question 1

Which statement best describes the Law of Conservation of Energy?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of potential energy being converted to kinetic energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

ATP being hydrolyzed to release energy for muscle contraction.

Question 3

What is the atomic number of an element, and why is it important?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons in the nucleus; it defines the element and its chemical properties.

Question 4

How many neutrons are in an atom of Iron (Fe) with atomic number 26 and atomic mass 56?

Accepted Answer

$$56 - 26 = 30$$ neutrons

Question 5

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 6

Which element is most abundant in the human body by weight?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 7

What is the correct electron configuration for Neon (Ne), atomic number 10?

Accepted Answer

2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the second shell

Question 8

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 9

What is the result when sodium (Na) loses one electron?

Accepted Answer

It becomes a positively charged ion.

Question 10

Which property of water allows it to dissolve ionic substances and transport molecules in the body?

Accepted Answer

Polar solvent properties

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids release H+ ions in solution.

Question 12

If a solution has a pH of 4, how many times greater is its hydrogen ion concentration compared to a solution with pH 6?

Accepted Answer

100 times greater

Question 13

Which macromolecule is formed by linking amino acids together?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 14

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Double helix with complementary base pairing

Question 16

Which process breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and cell structure

Question 18

What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have the maximum number of hydrogens attached to carbon atoms.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to dissolve nonpolar substances

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular energy?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and releases it when hydrolyzed to ADP.

Chemistry Comes Alive: Foundations of Matter, Energy, and Atomic Structure

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