A solution with $$[\mathrm{H^+}] = 1 \times 10$$^{-2}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

Accepted Answer

A substance that donates a proton ($$\mathrm{H^+}) to $$another substance.

Question 2

Which of the following solutions has the lowest pH?

Accepted Answer

A solution with $$[\mathrm{H^+}] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-2}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid ($$\mathrm{HCl})$$

Question 4

A buffer solution is prepared by mixing acetic acid and sodium acetate. What is the primary function of this buffer?

Accepted Answer

To keep the pH of the solution relatively constant when small amounts of acid or base are added.

Question 5

In the reaction $$\mathrm{Zn} + \mathrm{Cu$$^{2+}$$} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn$$^{2+}$$} + \mathrm{Cu}$$, which species is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Zn}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a common oxidizing agent encountered in daily life?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen peroxide ($$\mathrm{H_2O_2})$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the corrosion reaction that occurs when iron rusts?

Accepted Answer

Iron is oxidized to form $$\mathrm{Fe_2O_3} in $$the presence of oxygen and water.

Question 8

Which of the following compounds is an alkene?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_2H_4}$$

Question 9

Which functional group is present in ethanol?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol group ($$-\mathrm{OH})$$

Question 10

Why are halogenated hydrocarbons considered dangerous?

Accepted Answer

They are persistent in the environment and can be toxic to living organisms.

Question 11

Which of the following is a natural polymer that has been chemically modified for use in clothing?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose acetate

Question 12

What is the main difference between thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers?

Accepted Answer

Thermoplastics can be melted and reshaped multiple times; thermosetting polymers cannot be remelted after curing.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes cross-linking in polymers?

Accepted Answer

The formation of covalent bonds between different polymer chains, increasing rigidity.

Question 14

Which material is most effective at blocking gamma radiation?

Accepted Answer

Several centimeters of lead

Question 15

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10 years. If you start with 80 grams, how much remains after 30 years?

Accepted Answer

10 grams

Question 16

Which of the following nuclear equations represents beta decay?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{^{14}_{6}C} \rightarrow \mathrm{^{14}_{7}N} + \mathrm{^{0}_{-1}e}$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements best distinguishes nuclear fission from nuclear fusion?

Accepted Answer

Fission splits a heavy nucleus into lighter nuclei; fusion combines light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus.

Question 18

Which isotope is a major hazardous fallout product from nuclear fission in reactors and weapons?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{^{131}I}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of radioisotopes?

Accepted Answer

Sterilizing medical equipment using $$\mathrm{^{60}Co}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a source of natural background radiation?

Accepted Answer

Cosmic rays from space

Exam 2 Review Guide: Acids & Bases, Redox Reactions, Organic Chemistry, Polymers, and Nuclear Chemistry

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