Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles express themselves in the phenotype even when paired with a different version of the gene, while recessive alleles only express when paired with another recessive allele.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a recessive trait?

Accepted Answer

Red hair

Question 3

Sickle cell disease affects the ability of blood to transport oxygen because:

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells become elongated and rigid, reducing their oxygen-carrying capacity.

Question 4

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder caused by:

Accepted Answer

A deficiency in the enzyme needed to break down phenylalanine.

Question 5

Which chromosomal disorder is caused by an extra chromosome 21?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Question 6

A child with cystic fibrosis will most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty breathing and digestive problems due to mucus buildup.

Question 7

Which disorder is characterized by a lack of melanin, resulting in very light skin, hair, and eyes?

Accepted Answer

Albinism

Question 8

A male with Klinefelter syndrome has which chromosomal composition?

Accepted Answer

$$XXY$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a passive genotype-environment correlation?

Accepted Answer

Children inherit genes and the environment their family provides, which supports those genes.

Question 10

Which disorder is caused by an extra chromosome 13 and typically results in death within the first weeks or months of life?

Accepted Answer

Patau syndrome

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world example of an active genotype-environment correlation?

Accepted Answer

A child with musical talent seeks out music lessons and joins a band.

Question 12

Tay-Sachs disease is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A deficiency in the enzyme needed to break down lipids in nerve cells.

Question 13

Which syndrome is caused by all or part of one X chromosome missing, resulting in an XO composition?

Accepted Answer

Turner syndrome

Question 14

Which of the following best describes evocative genotype-environment correlation?

Accepted Answer

The environment reacts to individuals based on their inherited characteristics.

Question 15

Edwards syndrome is caused by which chromosomal abnormality?

Accepted Answer

An extra chromosome 18

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Excess melanin production

Question 17

Which of the following statements about alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alleles are different versions of a gene.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why individuals with cystic fibrosis have digestive problems?

Accepted Answer

Mucus buildup blocks digestive enzymes from reaching the intestines.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct genotype for a female with Turner syndrome?

Accepted Answer

$$XO$$

Question 20

Behavioral genetics is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The study of how genes and environmental factors interact to influence behavior.

Genetics and Genetic Disorders: Key Concepts and Classifications

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