Question 1

Water (H$$_2O) $$has two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom. Why is water not a linear molecule?

Accepted Answer

Because the oxygen atom has two lone pairs that repel the hydrogen atoms, resulting in a bent geometry.

Question 2

What orbitals combine together to form sp$$^3$$ hybrid orbitals around a carbon atom?

Accepted Answer

One s orbital and three p orbitals.

Question 3

Which two factors determine whether or not a molecule is polar?

Accepted Answer

Bond polarity and molecular geometry.

Question 4

Arrange the following types of attractions in order of increasing strength, with 1 being the weakest and 3 the strongest: a) hydrogen bonding, b) dipole-dipole, c) London dispersion forces.

Accepted Answer

1. London dispersion forces, 2. dipole-dipole, 3. hydrogen bonding

Question 5

How are dipole-dipole attractions, London dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonding similar?

Accepted Answer

They are all types of intermolecular forces.

Question 6

Which of the following molecules can form a hydrogen bond in its pure form? CH$$_4$$, CH$$_3OH$$, H$$_2O$$, CH$$_3Cl$$

Accepted Answer

CH$$_3OH $$and H$$_2O$$

Question 7

Rank the following compounds from weakest to strongest intermolecular forces: N$$_2$$, H$$_2O$$, NaCl. Justify your answer.

Accepted Answer

N$$_2$$ \u003c H$$_2O$$ \u003c NaCl

Question 8

What are dipole-dipole forces?

Accepted Answer

Attractive forces between polar molecules due to the alignment of their dipoles.

Question 9

What determines the polarity of a molecule?

Accepted Answer

The difference in electronegativity between atoms and the shape of the molecule.

Question 10

What is meant by an induced dipole?

Accepted Answer

A temporary dipole created when a nonpolar molecule is distorted by a nearby charge.

Question 11

What is hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

A strong intermolecular force between a hydrogen atom bonded to N, O, or F and a lone pair on another N, O, or F atom.

Question 12

What accounts for the extraordinary strength of hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

The large difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and N, O, or F, and the small size of hydrogen.

Question 13

Which of the following molecules is polar and has sp$$^3$$ hybridization? CH$$_3Cl$$, BH$$_3$$, H$$_2S$$, SO$$_2$$

Accepted Answer

CH$$_3Cl$$

Question 14

Which intermolecular force is primarily responsible for the high boiling point of water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Question 15

A molecule has a trigonal planar geometry and is nonpolar. Which of the following is most likely its hybridization?

Accepted Answer

sp$$^2$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why NaCl has much stronger intermolecular forces than H$$_2O$$?

Accepted Answer

NaCl is ionic, so it has strong electrostatic attractions between ions.

Question 17

Which of the following molecules has a linear geometry and is nonpolar? CO$$_2$$, H$$_2O$$, CH$$_4$$, SO$$_2$$

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$

Question 18

Which type of intermolecular force is present in all molecules, regardless of polarity?

Accepted Answer

London dispersion forces

Question 19

Which of the following molecules would have the highest boiling point? CH$$_4$$, H$$_2S$$, H$$_2O$$, CO$$_2$$

Accepted Answer

H$$_2O$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the geometry and hybridization of SO$$_2$$?

Accepted Answer

Bent geometry, sp$$^2$$ hybridization

Intermolecular Forces and Hybridization: Study Notes

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