Question 1

Which of the following best describes the composition of the Earth's lithosphere?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.

Question 2

A geologist finds a mineral sample that is composed of $$\mathrm{$$CaCO_3$$}. $$Which rock is the sample most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Limestone

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why glass softens gradually over a wide temperature range rather than melting sharply like most solids?

Accepted Answer

Glass has a disordered atomic structure, lacking a regular crystalline arrangement.

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxidation half-reaction for iron in the reaction $$2 \mathrm{Fe} + 3 \mathrm{Mg$$^{2+}$$} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Fe$$^{3+}$$} + 3 \mathrm{Mg}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Fe} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe$$^{3+}$$} + 3e^-$$

Question 5

A student is asked to identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction: $$\mathrm{CuO} + \mathrm{H_2$} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu} + \mathrm{H_2O}. $$Which substance is the oxidizing agent?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CuO}$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the corrosion of iron and aluminum is correct?

Accepted Answer

Iron reacts with oxygen to form an $$\mathrm{Fe_2O_3}$$ coating, which can flake off easily and allow more iron to undergo corrosion.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in the reaction $$\mathrm{N_2$} + 3 \mathrm{H_2$} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NH_3$}$$?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is not involved in this reaction.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about electrochemical cells?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation occurs at the anode.

Question 9

A fuel cell generates electricity by oxidizing a fuel at the anode and reducing oxygen at the cathode. Which of the following is a real-world application of this technology?

Accepted Answer

Powering electric vehicles with hydrogen fuel cells.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the amount of iron on Earth today is essentially the same as it was 120 years ago?

Accepted Answer

Iron is neither created nor destroyed in industrial processes; it is only transformed between different chemical forms.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a silicate mineral?

Accepted Answer

Marble

Question 12

A student is asked to balance the rusting reaction of iron: $$\mathrm{Fe} + \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe_2O_3}. $$What is the correct coefficient for iron when the equation is balanced?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the chemical composition of concrete?

Accepted Answer

A mixture of cement, sand, gravel, and water

Question 14

Which of the following metals is the United States required to import from other countries?

Accepted Answer

All of the above (indium, lithium, palladium)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of electroplating silver onto copper?

Accepted Answer

Copper is oxidized and acts as the reducing agent.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct oxidation number for fluorine in the ion $$\mathrm{F^-}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$-1$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of carbon dioxide in the photosynthesis reaction $$6 \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6 \mathrm{H_2O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6 \mathrm{O_2$}$$?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide is reduced.

Question 18

Which of the following is a major advantage of lead storage batteries in automobiles?

Accepted Answer

They are rechargeable.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the composition of silicates?

Accepted Answer

Compounds composed of silicon, oxygen, and metals

Question 20

Which of the following technological advances was made possible by access to high temperatures?

Accepted Answer

All of the above (manufacture of glass, extraction of metals from ores, manufacture of ceramic bricks and pots)

Introduction to Chemistry: Chapter 12 & 8 Review Guidance

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