Question 1

Which statement best describes the Lewis theory of chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Atoms transfer or share valence electrons to attain noble gas electron configurations.

Question 2

A molecule has three electron groups around its central atom. According to VSEPR theory, what is the expected bond angle between these groups?

Accepted Answer

$$120^\circ$$

Question 3

Which molecule is nonpolar despite having polar bonds?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO}_2)$$

Question 4

Which element has the highest electronegativity?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine

Question 5

A 2.00 L sample of gas at $$20^\circ\mathrm{C} is $$heated to $$100^\circ\mathrm{C} at $$constant pressure. What is the new volume? (Use $$\mathrm{K} = ^\circ\mathrm{C} + 273)$$

Accepted Answer

$$2.54$$ liters

Question 6

A sample of $$0.315$$ mole of gas has a volume of $$825 mL at$$ $$30^\circ\mathrm{C}. $$Calculate the pressure of the gas. ($$R = 0.0821\ \mathrm{L} \cdot \mathrm{atm} / \mathrm{mol} \cdot \mathrm{K})$$

Accepted Answer

$$9.78\ \mathrm{atm}$$

Question 7

We dissolve $$5.00 g of $$salt in $$95.0 g of $$water. What is the mass percent of salt in the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$4.76\%$$

Question 8

What volume of $$12.0\ \mathrm{M}$$ hydrochloric acid is needed to make $$2.00\ \mathrm{L} of$$ $$1.50\ \mathrm{M}$$ solution? (Use $$M_1V_1 = M_2V_2)$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.250\ \mathrm{L}$$

Question 9

A sample of $$0.100$$ mole of gas has a volume of $$475 mL at$$ $$15^\circ\mathrm{C}. $$What is the pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$5.36\ \mathrm{atm}$$

Question 10

Which statement about the solubility of gases in liquids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Solubility increases with increasing pressure and decreases with increasing temperature.

Question 11

According to the Brønsted–Lowry definition, which statement is true about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids donate protons and bases accept protons.

Question 12

In the reaction $$\mathrm{NH}_3 (aq) + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} (l) \rightarrow \mathrm{NH}_4^+ (aq) + \mathrm{OH}^- (aq)$$, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NH}_3 is a $$base and $$\mathrm{NH}_4^+ is $$its conjugate acid.

Question 13

A neutralization reaction between $$\mathrm{HCl} (aq) $$and $$\mathrm{NaOH} (aq) $$produces:

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} (l) $$and $$\mathrm{NaCl} (aq)$$

Question 14

Which functional group is present in all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Both an amine group ($$-\mathrm{NH}_2) $$and a carboxylic acid group ($$-\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 15

What is the daughter nuclide when Carbon-14 undergoes beta decay?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen-14

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct formula for butyne?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_4\mathrm{H}_6$$

Question 17

Which statement about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

Two complementary strands unravel and two new strands are synthesized, resulting in two complete copies.

Question 18

Which of the following is a condensation polymer?

Accepted Answer

Nylon

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the use of radioactivity in medicine is correct?

Accepted Answer

Radioactive isotopes can be used to image internal organs and treat cancerous tumors.

Introductory Chemistry Final Review – Step-by-Step Study Guidance

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