$$1 \text{ mm} = 1000 \text{ \mu m}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 2

A compound light microscope has an ocular lens of 10x and an objective lens of 40x. What is the total magnification?

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 40 = 400$$

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells placed in a hypotonic solution swell and burst?

Accepted Answer

Water moves into the cell by osmosis, increasing internal pressure until the cell bursts.

Question 4

Which term describes the ability of a membrane to allow certain substances to pass while restricting others?

Accepted Answer

Selectively permeable

Question 5

According to the fluid mosaic model, which component is primarily responsible for the selective permeability of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for export

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. What type of solution is this?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm includes all cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, while cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm.

Question 9

During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 10

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

If a cell has 46 chromosomes at the start of mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of epithelial tissue in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Covering body surfaces and lining cavities

Question 13

Which type of connective tissue is found in tendons and ligaments, providing strong attachment between structures?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 14

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.

Question 15

A scientist observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of cilia. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances across the cell surface

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between chromatin, chromosomes, and sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes, which duplicate to become sister chromatids during cell division.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct conversion from millimeters to micrometers?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	ext{ mm} = 1000 	ext{ \mu m}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why diffusion is important for cells?

Accepted Answer

It enables the movement of molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide across cell membranes.

Question 19

Which of the following is a distinguishing structural characteristic of simple squamous epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Single layer of flat cells

Question 20

A patient receives intravenous fluids that are isotonic to their blood plasma. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will remain unchanged.

Lab Study Guide: Microscopy, Diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration, Cell Structure, and Tissues

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