Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the location and properties of metals on the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

Metals are found in the center and left side of the periodic table and are typically shiny, malleable, and good conductors of electricity.

Question 2

Which group of elements is most likely to form ions with a $$+1$$ charge, and why?

Accepted Answer

Alkali metals, because they have one valence electron that they tend to lose.

Question 3

Which of the following best defines an ion?

Accepted Answer

An atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net charge.

Question 4

How are negatively charged ions formed, and what are they called?

Accepted Answer

By gaining electrons; they are called anions.

Question 5

Which of the following elements is most likely to gain electrons to form ions, and why?

Accepted Answer

Chlorine, because it is a non-metal and non-metals tend to gain electrons.

Question 6

Where is the charge written when using the atomic symbol for an ion?

Accepted Answer

As a superscript to the right of the element symbol.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 8

How do you calculate the average atomic mass of an element using isotope abundance?

Accepted Answer

Multiply the exact mass of each isotope by its relative abundance, sum the results, and divide by 100.

Question 9

Which of the following is a property of noble gases?

Accepted Answer

They are found in Group 18 and are generally unreactive due to their full valence shells.

Question 10

A neutral atom of magnesium has an atomic number of 12 and a mass number of 24. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

12 protons, 12 neutrons, 12 electrons

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why alkali metals are highly reactive?

Accepted Answer

They have one valence electron that is easily lost to form a $$+1$$ ion.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct chemical symbol for an isotope of carbon with 7 neutrons?

Accepted Answer

$$^{13}\mathrm{C}$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about transition elements is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are found in Groups 3-12 and often form ions with various charges.

Question 14

If an atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 18 electrons, what is its atomic symbol with charge?

Accepted Answer

$$^{35}\mathrm{Cl}^-$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between atomic mass and average atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

Atomic mass is the mass of a specific isotope, while average atomic mass is the weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes.

Question 16

Which of the following elements is a metalloid and what is a common property of metalloids?

Accepted Answer

Silicon; metalloids have properties intermediate between metals and non-metals.

Question 17

A sample of chlorine contains 75.77% $$^{35}\mathrm{Cl} ($$mass = 34.969 amu) and 24.23% $$^{37}\mathrm{Cl} ($$mass = 36.966 amu). What is the average atomic mass of chlorine? (Round to two decimal places)

Accepted Answer

$$35.45$$ amu

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the halogens?

Accepted Answer

They are found in Group 17 and are highly reactive non-metals.

Question 19

If the atomic symbol for an element is written without a charge, what does this imply?

Accepted Answer

The atom is neutral.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about main-group elements is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are found in Groups 1, 2, and 13-18 and include metals, non-metals, and metalloids.

Chapter 4 Part 2: Periodic Table, Ions, and Isotopes

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