Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living cells?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information storage

Question 2

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Which two functional groups are present in every amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Amino group and carboxyl group

Question 3

What determines the unique identity of each amino acid?

Accepted Answer

The R group (side chain)

Question 4

Which of the following statements about essential amino acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.

Question 5

What type of bond forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 6

Which level of protein structure is defined by the unique sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 7

The secondary structure of a protein is stabilized mainly by which type of interaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 8

Hemoglobin is an example of a protein with which level of structure?

Accepted Answer

Quaternary structure

Question 9

A mutation in the DNA sequence that changes the codon GAG to GTG in the hemoglobin gene results in which amino acid substitution?

Accepted Answer

Glutamic acid to valine

Question 10

Which of the following best describes denaturation of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Loss of protein structure due to changes in pH, temperature, or chemicals

Question 11

Which of the following is true about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They are proteins that act as catalysts and are not consumed in reactions.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid

Question 13

In DNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with cytosine?

Accepted Answer

Guanine

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why sickle cell anemia occurs?

Accepted Answer

A single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin changes its shape and function.

Question 15

Which of the following is responsible for assisting the proper folding of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Chaperonins

Question 16

Which of the following changes is most likely to disrupt the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a strong acid

Question 17

Which macromolecule could be made from H, C, NH, COOH, and R?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 18

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They store and transmit heritable information.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct representation of a peptide bond in LaTeX format?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{N}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.

Proteins and Nucleic Acids: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

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