Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the backflow of blood by keeping the valve leaflets closed during ventricular contraction.

Question 2

A patient presents with swelling in the lower legs and distended jugular veins. Which cardiac condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Right-sided congestive heart failure

Question 3

Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 4

During a manual blood pressure measurement, the first sound heard through the stethoscope corresponds to which value?

Accepted Answer

Systolic pressure

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence of electrical conduction through the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. Which of the following best describes the pathological change in their arteries?

Accepted Answer

Narrowing of the arterial lumen due to atheromatous plaque

Question 7

Which heart valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Mitral valve

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why veins have valves but arteries do not?

Accepted Answer

Valves in veins prevent backflow of blood due to lower pressure and gravity.

Question 9

A patient is prescribed a beta-blocker and a diuretic for hypertension. What is the primary goal of this treatment?

Accepted Answer

To decrease blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the pericardium is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a two-layered membrane that forms a sac around the heart and contains pericardial fluid.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

They supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium.

Question 12

A patient with ventricular fibrillation is found unresponsive. Which device is most appropriate to use immediately?

Accepted Answer

Automatic external defibrillator (AED)

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate due to norepinephrine and epinephrine release

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation?

Accepted Answer

Systemic circulation carries blood to and from all body tissues except the lungs, while pulmonary circulation carries blood to and from the lungs.

Question 15

A patient undergoes balloon angioplasty. What is the primary purpose of this procedure?

Accepted Answer

To compress atheromatous plaque and open a narrowed artery

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the QRS complex on an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

Accepted Answer

It represents ventricular depolarization and contraction.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of arteries but NOT veins?

Accepted Answer

They carry blood away from the heart.

Question 18

A patient is found to have a dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

A tear in the arterial wall causing blood to tunnel between layers

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why capillaries are essential for tissue health?

Accepted Answer

They allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.

Question 20

Which of the following drugs was originally derived from the foxglove plant and is used to treat certain heart conditions?

Accepted Answer

Digitalis

Cardiology and the Cardiovascular System: Medical Terminology Study Guide

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