Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts.

Question 2

A patient presents with a large swelling in the neck (goitre) and elevated levels of T3 and T4. Which pituitary hormone is most likely elevated in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Question 3

Which hormone is produced by the parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; lowers blood calcium concentration

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the hormone with its site of production in the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon – alpha cells

Question 5

A patient with Type I diabetes has destroyed beta cells in the pancreas. What is the most appropriate treatment for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Injection of exogenous insulin

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the pituitary gland is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The anterior lobe produces and secretes seven hormones.

Question 7

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is responsible for promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the anatomical location of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Posterior to the stomach, extending from the duodenum to the spleen

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Production of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 10

A patient is experiencing symptoms of increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and rapid breathing after a stressful event. Which part of the adrenal gland is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal medulla

Question 11

Which of the following hormones is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the microscopic structure of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Follicles lined by simple cuboidal follicular cells surrounding colloid

Question 13

Which hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and what is its main effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); increases blood calcium

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones released by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of uterine contractions during childbirth

Question 15

A patient has low blood calcium levels. Which hormone and gland are most likely underactive?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the histological difference between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

The anterior lobe is composed of glandular tissue and stains darker.

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating melanocytes in the skin to produce pigment?

Accepted Answer

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of hormone and its primary target organ?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid stimulating hormone – Thyroid gland

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the pancreas is considered both an endocrine and exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

It secretes digestive enzymes into ducts and hormones into the bloodstream.

Question 20

A patient is found to have a tumor in the adrenal cortex that causes overproduction of mineralocorticoids. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Increased sodium retention and elevated blood pressure

Study Guide: The Endocrine System (ANAT 100 Module 07)

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