Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system as illustrated in the diagram with arrows labeled 'Sensory input', 'Integration', and 'Motor output'?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input gathers information, integration interprets and processes it, and motor output produces a response.

Question 2

Based on the images of the human body with highlighted brain and spinal cord, which structures are included in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Brain and spinal cord only

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the peripheral nervous system (PNS) as shown in the image with extensive nerve networks throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

The PNS includes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 4

Referencing the neuron illustration, which structure is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 5

In the histological image of a neuron, what is the correct direction of a nerve impulse?

Accepted Answer

From dendrites to cell body to axon

Question 6

Which of the following statements about neuron structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

A neuron can have multiple dendrites but only one axon.

Question 7

Which supporting cell of the CNS is most abundant and helps maintain the integrity of neural tissue?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 8

What is the primary function of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Engulfing pathogens and removing waste

Question 9

Which cell type lines the cavities of the brain and spinal cord and assists in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 10

Which supporting cell forms the myelin sheath around axons in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 11

What is the function of myelin as shown in the neuron diagram labeled 'Myelinated nerve cell'?

Accepted Answer

To insulate the axon and increase the speed of electrical signals

Question 12

Which cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 13

In the diagram showing the flow of information in the nervous system, which type of neuron carries signals away from the CNS to effector cells?

Accepted Answer

Efferent neurons

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the nodes of Ranvier in a myelinated neuron?

Accepted Answer

They are gaps in the myelin sheath that allow for rapid signal transmission.

Question 15

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences demyelination of axons. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased speed and efficiency of nerve impulse transmission

Question 16

Which two cell types are responsible for myelinating axons in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes

Question 17

If a neuron is classified as multipolar, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It has multiple dendrites and one axon.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of sensory input leading to motor output, as described in the nervous system diagram?

Accepted Answer

Seeing a soccer ball and kicking it

Question 19

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for directly contracting the trapezius muscle?

Accepted Answer

Motor division of the PNS

Study Guide: The Nervous System (Central Nervous System Focus)

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