In the context of bacterial chemotaxis, how does the concentration of the phosphorylated CheY protein influence the direction of flagellar rotation?

High levels of phosphorylated CheY cause counterclockwise rotation, leading to smooth swimming.

Low levels of phosphorylated CheY cause clockwise rotation, leading to tumbling.

High levels of phosphorylated CheY cause clockwise rotation, leading to tumbling.

Phosphorylated CheY does not affect flagellar rotation but influences the cell’s metabolism.