Question 1

Which of the following characteristics is NOT shared by all living microbes, but is present in viruses?

Accepted Answer

Replication inside a host cell

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to have a diameter of $$1.0\ \mu m. $$How does this compare to the diameter of a typical human red blood cell (RBC)?

Accepted Answer

It is much smaller than an RBC.

Question 3

Which of the following cell shapes is correctly matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

Bacillus: rod-shaped

Question 4

A scientist isolates a bacterium that forms chains of spherical cells. What is the correct term for this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Streptococci

Question 5

Which component is unique to the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and helps anchor the cell wall to the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Teichoic acids

Question 6

What is the primary function of the bacterial glycocalyx capsule?

Accepted Answer

Protection from desiccation and immune evasion

Question 7

Which of the following statements about bacterial flagella is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They rotate 360° to provide motility.

Question 8

A patient presents with a bull's-eye rash after a tick bite. Which bacterial structure is responsible for the corkscrew motility of the causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Axial filaments (endoflagella)

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of bacterial fimbriae?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and biofilm formation

Question 10

What is the main difference between bacterial ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial ribosomes are 70S, eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of bacterial endospores?

Accepted Answer

Survival during hostile or unfavorable conditions

Question 12

Which genera of bacteria are known for producing endospores?

Accepted Answer

Bacillus and Clostridium/Clostridioides

Question 13

Which part of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall acts as an endotoxin and can trigger fever and shock when released?

Accepted Answer

Lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 14

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the expected effect on the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink.

Question 15

Which structure is responsible for mediating the transfer of DNA between bacterial cells during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Pili (conjugation pili)

Question 16

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic flagella is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of tubulin microtubules.

Question 17

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They do not carry out metabolism independently.

Question 19

A Gram-negative bacterium is treated with an antimicrobial drug that disrupts its outer membrane. What is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

Release of Lipid A, leading to fever and shock

Question 20

Which of the following structures is found only in Archaea and not in Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Hami

Ch 3. Cell Structure and Function: Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

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