Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Movement

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, internal membrane-bound organelles, and a size of approximately 50 µm in diameter. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 3

Which structure allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and is essential for the formation of biofilms?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 4

A bacterium is observed to move toward a chemical attractant by alternating between 'runs' and 'tumbles.' Which structure is responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the composition of the bacterial cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Question 7

A patient is infected with a bacterium that lacks a cell wall. Which of the following is most likely true about this organism?

Accepted Answer

It is likely to be mistaken for a virus due to its small size.

Question 8

Which of the following processes requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances across the cytoplasmic membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protection from drying and host immune system

Question 11

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is the site of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are often more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Their outer membrane acts as a barrier to many drugs.

Question 13

Which of the following is a unique feature of archaeal cell walls?

Accepted Answer

They contain specialized polysaccharides and proteins.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the '9 + 2' arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Arrangement of microtubules in eukaryotic flagella and cilia

Question 15

A scientist is studying a cell that performs phagocytosis. Which type of cell is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 16

Which of the following organelles is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 17

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelle is thought to have originated from an aerobic prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Degradation of poisonous wastes

Question 19

A bacterium is observed to have a capsule. Which of the following is a likely advantage conferred by this structure?

Accepted Answer

Protection from host immune recognition

Question 20

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes compared to prokaryotic membranes?

Accepted Answer

Presence of steroid lipids such as cholesterol

Cell Structure and Function in Microbiology

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