Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane surrounding their DNA, while eukaryotic cells do.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to have a thick layer of peptidoglycan and retains the crystal violet dye during Gram staining. What is the most likely classification of this bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 3

Which structure is primarily responsible for bacterial motility and is composed of a filament, hook, and basal body?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 4

A scientist discovers a bacterium with peritrichous flagella. What does this mean about the arrangement of its flagella?

Accepted Answer

Flagella are distributed over the entire surface of the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why many important antibiotics target peptidoglycan synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan is unique to bacterial cell walls, so targeting it does not harm human cells.

Question 6

A patient is infected with a bacterium that is resistant to phagocytosis and forms biofilms on medical devices. Which structure is most likely responsible for these properties?

Accepted Answer

Glycocalyx (capsule or slime layer)

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of fimbriae in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and other cells

Question 8

During passive transport across the prokaryotic cell membrane, molecules move:

Accepted Answer

From high concentration to low concentration without the need for ATP

Question 9

Which equation best represents the energy requirement for active transport in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta G \u003e 0 $$

Question 10

A Gram-negative bacterium is more resistant to certain antibiotics than a Gram-positive bacterium. Which structural feature is most responsible for this difference?

Accepted Answer

Presence of an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the prokaryotic cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic phospholipid bilayer with proteins and other molecules moving within it

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the prokaryotic cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell

Question 13

A bacterium moves toward a chemical attractant in its environment. This behavior is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis

Question 14

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Question 15

A researcher is studying a eukaryotic cell and observes the presence of cilia. What is the primary function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

Motility and movement of substances along the cell surface

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why Gram-positive bacteria appear purple after Gram staining?

Accepted Answer

They have a thick peptidoglycan layer that retains the crystal violet dye.

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 18

A bacterial cell is found to have a capsule. Which of the following is a likely advantage conferred by this structure?

Accepted Answer

Protection from desiccation and immune evasion

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of pili in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of DNA between cells during conjugation

Question 20

A cell is observed to move substances against their concentration gradient using carrier proteins and ATP hydrolysis. Which type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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