$$\text{Oxidation:} \quad \text{Loss of electrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have internal membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells lack these structures.

Question 2

Which cellular structure is responsible for the majority of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall composed of chitin. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi body in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It processes, packages, and exports molecules via secretory vesicles.

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S, composed of 60S and 40S subunits.

Question 6

Which process allows eukaryotic cells to engulf large particles or other cells?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 7

A cell is observed to have 70S ribosomes and lacks internal membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about catabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways break larger molecules into smaller products and release energy.

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between oxidation and reduction in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Oxidation:} \quad 	ext{Loss of electrons}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are considered 'semi-autonomous' organelles?

Accepted Answer

They have their own DNA and 70S ribosomes, and can divide independently of the cell.

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a cytoskeleton composed of actin and microtubules. What is the primary function of this cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

To provide structural support and facilitate movement within the cell

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world example of an anabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of membrane lipids from fatty acids

Question 13

Which organelle is continuous with the nuclear envelope and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

During which process do eukaryotic cells use ATP to transport materials into the cell by engulfing them?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains nuclear pores that regulate the import and export of substances.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy released from catabolic reactions and provides energy for anabolic reactions.

Question 17

A cell is observed to have flattened hollow sacs composed of phospholipid bilayers. Which organelle is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Golgi body

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathways synthesize large molecules from smaller ones and require energy input.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of nuclear pores?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the import and export of substances through the nuclear envelope.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between catabolism and anabolism in microbial metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism provides the energy and building blocks required for anabolism.

Test 2 Ch 5 SG

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