Question 1

Which of the following best explains why multiple drugs are used simultaneously in the treatment of active tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

To inhibit the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by targeting different bacterial mechanisms.

Question 2

A patient with a history of poor adherence to anti-TB therapy is diagnosed with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Which of the following factors most likely contributed to the development of MDR-TB in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Poor compliance with anti-TB drug therapy, allowing resistant strains to emerge.

Question 3

A 45-year-old man presents with persistent cough, night sweats, and weight loss. His sputum culture is positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis after 4 months of therapy. What is the most appropriate next step?

Accepted Answer

Evaluate for nonadherence or drug-resistant TB and consider alternate therapy.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) is correct?

Accepted Answer

MAC is found in water and soil and rarely causes disease in immunocompetent individuals.

Question 5

A nurse is educating a patient about the goals of tuberculosis therapy. Which of the following is NOT a primary goal?

Accepted Answer

Reduce the cost of therapy by using fewer drugs.

Question 6

Which of the following is a major public health concern associated with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)?

Accepted Answer

XDR-TB is resistant to both first-line and second-line medications, leaving few or no effective treatment options.

Question 7

A patient with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is being considered for therapy. Which of the following is the main reason for treating LTBI?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the development of active tuberculosis and reduce transmission.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) in tuberculosis management?

Accepted Answer

DOT involves a healthcare provider observing the patient ingest anti-TB medications to ensure adherence.

Question 9

A 30-year-old HIV-positive patient is diagnosed with active tuberculosis. Which of the following is a key consideration in managing this patient?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring for drug interactions and adverse effects due to increased risk in immunocompromised patients.

Question 10

Which of the following is a critical nursing responsibility in tuberculosis control within a community setting?

Accepted Answer

Educating patients and contacts about TB infection and treatment, and tracking contacts of those with active disease.

Question 11

A patient with suspected MDR-TB is not responding to standard therapy after 2 months. What is the most likely reason for the delay in identifying drug resistance?

Accepted Answer

It may take several weeks to determine medication efficacy and perform susceptibility testing.

Question 12

Which of the following strategies is LEAST effective in increasing patient adherence to tuberculosis drug therapy?

Accepted Answer

Reducing the number of drugs regardless of resistance patterns.

Question 13

A patient with active TB is being monitored for adverse effects of therapy. Which laboratory test is most important to obtain at baseline in a patient with a history of alcohol use?

Accepted Answer

Liver function tests to assess for possible liver disease.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the epidemiology of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A large number of cases are due to inactive or latent infection, especially among foreign-born immigrants.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a phase in the initiation and progression of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic resistance

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with XDR-TB. Which of the following best describes the treatment options for this patient?

Accepted Answer

Treatment is limited due to resistance to both primary and second-line medications.

Question 17

Which of the following is a recommended action by the CDC, ATS, and IDSA to control tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Expand efforts to identify and treat latent TB infection (LTBI) among high-risk populations.

Question 18

A patient with active TB is started on therapy. According to guidelines, how long should treatment continue?

Accepted Answer

At least 6 months, or 3 months after cultures become negative.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key reason why MDR-TB treatment is more challenging than drug-susceptible TB?

Accepted Answer

MDR-TB requires concurrent administration of more medications, longer therapy, and is more expensive.

Drug Therapy for Tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease

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