Question 1

Which of the following organelles is directly involved in the packaging and modification of proteins before they are secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi Apparatus

Question 2

A virus enters a host cell and uses the host's nucleus to replicate its DNA. Which cellular structure must the viral DNA pass through to access the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear pore

Question 3

Which process is best described as the cellular uptake of large particles, such as bacteria, by immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 4

During which process do cells expel waste materials or secrete substances such as hormones into the extracellular space?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in infection?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize viral proteins using host mRNA.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a membrane-bound organelle?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 7

A cell engulfs a large bacterium using pseudopodia. Which process is being described?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the nucleus is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It contains the cell's chromosomes and is surrounded by a double membrane.

Question 9

Which process do viruses commonly use to enter host cells?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 10

Proteins synthesized by ribosomes are processed in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. If these proteins are destined for the extracellular space, which process will they most likely experience?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes pinocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs small droplets of extracellular fluid.

Question 12

Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy (ATP) production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 14

A patient is infected with a virus that remains dormant in the host cell nucleus for years before becoming active. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Latent infection

Question 15

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell uses specific receptors to take in particular molecules.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the synthesis and export of a secreted protein?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome → Endoplasmic Reticulum → Golgi Apparatus → Exocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in the context of infection?

Accepted Answer

Digesting engulfed pathogens

Question 18

Which process is most directly involved in the release of new viral particles from an infected host cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following statements about transcription is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the process of copying DNA into mRNA.

Question 20

A cell uses receptor-mediated endocytosis to take in cholesterol from the bloodstream. What would happen if the receptors were defective?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol would accumulate in the bloodstream.

Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Transport Mechanisms in Infection Pt.2 Ch.4

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