Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why penicillin is more effective against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer, which penicillin targets, and lack an outer membrane that would block the drug.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to move toward a sugar source. Which structure and process are primarily responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Flagella; chemotaxis

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the arrangement and composition of the bacterial cell wall in gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

It helps bacteria evade phagocytosis by immune cells.

Question 5

A scientist observes a bacterium with a single flagellum at each end of the cell. What is the correct term for this flagellar arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Amphitrichous

Question 6

Which of the following processes requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing plasmolysis.

Question 8

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is the site of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of conjugation pili in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They transfer DNA from one cell to another.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about endospores is correct?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are highly resistant to heat, chemicals, and radiation.

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes divide by binary fission, while eukaryotes divide by mitosis.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why lysozyme is more effective against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have exposed peptidoglycan layers that lysozyme can easily degrade.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of peptidoglycan

Question 14

A bacterium with a thick, organized glycocalyx is likely to:

Accepted Answer

Be more resistant to phagocytosis by host immune cells.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A process where a substance is chemically modified as it is transported into the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following cell wall components is unique to bacteria and not found in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 17

A patient is infected with a bacterium that is resistant to phagocytosis and forms biofilms on medical devices. Which structure is most likely responsible for these characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of teichoic acids in gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They help stabilize the cell wall and may play a role in ion transport.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the ribosomes found in mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They are 70S ribosomes, similar to those found in prokaryotes.

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Study Notes

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