Question 1

Which of the following best describes the chemical reaction that forms a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis, which removes a water molecule to form a glycosidic bond

Question 2

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls and composed of β-glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 3

A triglyceride is formed by the combination of which molecules, and what type of bond is created?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol, forming an ester bond

Question 4

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They form the main structure of cell membranes due to their amphipathic nature

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water beads up on a lotus leaf but spreads out on a paper towel?

Accepted Answer

The lotus leaf is hydrophobic and the paper towel is hydrophilic

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

The tertiary structure is the overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nitrogenous base with its complementary base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine pairs with cytosine

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the universal energy molecule, releasing energy when phosphate bonds are broken

Question 10

Which of the following best describes an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another, releasing water

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of steroids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They are important components of cell membranes and serve as signaling molecules

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is unbranched, while amylopectin is branched

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

The head is hydrophilic and the tails are hydrophobic

Question 16

Which of the following is a purine base found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 17

Which of the following best describes anabolism?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about hydrogen bonds in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds stabilize the double helix structure of DNA by connecting complementary bases

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of glycogen in animals?

Accepted Answer

It is a storage polysaccharide for glucose in liver and muscle cells

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism

Microbiology: Biomolecules and Metabolism Ch.2

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