Question 1

Which of the following features is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Semi-permeable membrane

Question 2

A scientist discovers a microbe with DNA in a nucleoid region, 70S ribosomes, and reproduction by binary fission. Which Domain is this organism most likely to belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria or Archaea

Question 3

Which structural feature distinguishes Bacteria from Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall composed of peptidoglycan

Question 4

According to the endosymbiont theory, mitochondria originated from:

Accepted Answer

Aerobic prokaryotic cells engulfed by a pre-eukaryote

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE about viruses?

Accepted Answer

They are obligate intracellular parasites

Question 6

A newly discovered microbe is found to have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan, 70S ribosomes, and reproduces by binary fission. Which of the following could it NOT be?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name of the bacterium that inhabits the human colon?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 8

Selective toxicity in antibiotics is possible because:

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics target structures unique to pathogens and not found in host cells

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the Three-Domain System is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya includes fungi, plants, animals, and protists

Question 10

A microbe is found to have 16S rRNA gene sequences that are 98% identical to a reference strain. According to the species concept in prokaryotes, this microbe:

Accepted Answer

Is a different strain of the same species

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a feature of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 12

Thiomargarita namibiensis is classified as a bacterium despite its unusually large size. What evidence supports this classification?

Accepted Answer

Genetic evidence and cytoplasmic staining consistent with prokaryotes

Question 13

Which of the following pairs of cells are most structurally similar?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthetic bacterium and algae

Question 14

Which of the following is a unique feature of Archaea compared to Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Ability to live in extreme environments

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Capsid protein coat

Question 16

A scientist isolates a microbe that reproduces by mitosis, has a semi-permeable membrane, and contains DNA. Which of the following can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

It could be a eukaryote

Question 17

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S and eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are 80S

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible reason why most prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They lack membrane-bound organelles, limiting their internal complexity

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct application of the endosymbiont theory?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts in plant cells originated from photosynthetic bacteria

Question 20

A patient is prescribed penicillin for a bacterial infection. Penicillin is effective because it targets:

Accepted Answer

The bacterial cell wall made of peptidoglycan

Fundamentals of Microbiology: Cell Types, Microbial Diversity, and Classification

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