Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between incidence and prevalence of a disease?

Accepted Answer

Incidence is the number of people who develop a disease during a particular time period, while prevalence is the number of people who develop a disease at a specified time, regardless of when it first appeared.

Question 2

A patient develops a secondary infection after being treated for influenza. Which term best describes the secondary infection?

Accepted Answer

Opportunistic infection

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of Koch’s postulates?

Accepted Answer

The pathogen must be able to infect only humans.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli in the human intestine producing vitamin K

Question 5

A disease that is constantly present in a population is called:

Accepted Answer

Endemic

Question 6

Which of the following is a predisposing factor for disease?

Accepted Answer

Inherited traits such as the sickle cell gene

Question 7

Which of the following best describes herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immunity in most of a population

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of vehicle transmission?

Accepted Answer

Contaminated water causing cholera

Question 9

A hospital patient develops pneumonia after being admitted for surgery. This infection is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

Question 10

Which of the following is a reason for the emergence of new infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Genetic recombination in pathogens

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a communicable disease?

Accepted Answer

A disease that is spread from one host to another

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of biological transmission by a vector?

Accepted Answer

A mosquito transmitting Plasmodium species to a human

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?

Accepted Answer

Collects and analyzes epidemiological information in the United States

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of microbial antagonism?

Accepted Answer

Normal microbiota producing substances harmful to invading microbes

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a latent disease?

Accepted Answer

A disease in which the causative agent is inactive for a time but then activates and produces symptoms

Question 16

A patient is infected with a virus but shows no noticeable signs or symptoms. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Subclinical disease

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the development of disease?

Accepted Answer

Incubation period → prodromal period → period of illness → period of decline → period of convalescence

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a zoonosis?

Accepted Answer

Rabies transmitted from a dog to a human

Question 19

Which of the following is a method to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?

Accepted Answer

Handwashing by healthcare workers

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of morbidity rate?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Morbidity Rate} = \frac{	ext{Number of people affected}}{	ext{Total population}} 	imes 100$$

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology: Microbiome, Pathogenesis, and Disease Transmission

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