Question 1

Which of the following is a key difference between the two prokaryotic domains, Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have ether-linked membrane lipids, while Bacteria have ester-linked lipids.

Question 2

Which structure is found in all prokaryotic cells and is essential for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 3

What is the average diameter of a typical prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5-5\ \mu m$$

Question 4

Which component is present in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria but absent in Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Teichoic acid

Question 5

A patient is infected with a Gram-negative bacterium. Which cell envelope feature makes this bacterium more resistant to certain antibiotics compared to Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide

Question 6

Which of the following best describes passive transport in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances down their concentration gradient without energy input

Question 7

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 8

Which structure is primarily responsible for motility in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 9

How do periplasmic flagella benefit spirochetes in terms of movement and survival?

Accepted Answer

They enable corkscrew motion, aiding movement through viscous environments.

Question 10

In prokaryotic cells, how is the nucleoid region different from the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

The nucleoid is not membrane-bound and contains circular DNA.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of thylakoids in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic material

Question 12

Which statement about bacterial endospores is correct?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are highly resistant to heat, desiccation, and chemicals.

Question 13

Which of the following bacteria is known to cause disease in humans due to endospore formation?

Accepted Answer

Bacillus anthracis

Question 14

Why are antibiotics that target peptidoglycan synthesis generally ineffective against human cells?

Accepted Answer

Human cells do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 15

A new antibiotic inhibits the 70S ribosome. Which type of cell would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cells

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to drying than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane that reduces water loss.

Question 17

Which process allows prokaryotic cells to take up DNA from their environment?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 18

Which equation best represents the osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$experienced by a prokaryotic cell in a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 19

A Gram-positive bacterium is stained using the Gram stain procedure. Which step is critical for differentiating it from Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Decolorization with alcohol

Question 20

Which of the following is a medically important endospore-forming bacterium that can cause botulism in humans?

Accepted Answer

Clostridium botulinum

Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function: Study Guide

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