Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?
a. A heart attack
b. Acute anaphylaxis
c. Farmer’s lung
d. Graft-versus-host disease
e. Systemic lupus erythematosus

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Understand the definition of an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, recognizing them as foreign.

Step 2: Review each option to determine if it fits the criteria of an autoimmune disease:

Step 3: Analyze option (a) A heart attack – this is caused by blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, not by immune system attacking self-tissues, so it is not autoimmune.

Step 4: Analyze option (b) Acute anaphylaxis – this is a severe allergic reaction caused by hypersensitivity to an external allergen, not an autoimmune response.

Step 5: Analyze option (c) Farmer’s lung – this is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by inhalation of organic dust, an immune reaction to external antigens, not autoimmune.

Step 6: Analyze option (d) Graft-versus-host disease – this occurs when transplanted immune cells attack the recipient’s tissues; it is an immune reaction but not an autoimmune disease because the immune cells are foreign.

Step 7: Analyze option (e) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) – this is a classic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks multiple organs and tissues of the body.

Step 8: Conclude that the correct answer is the option that represents an autoimmune disease, which is systemic lupus erythematosus.

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주요 개념

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Autoimmune Disease

An autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Examples include systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Understanding this helps differentiate autoimmune conditions from other immune-related disorders.

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated immune responses to antigens, classified into four types (I-IV). Acute anaphylaxis is a type I hypersensitivity involving rapid allergic reactions, while farmer’s lung is a type III hypersensitivity caused by immune complex deposition. Recognizing these helps distinguish allergic and immune complex diseases from autoimmune diseases.

Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

GVHD is a condition where transplanted donor immune cells attack the recipient's tissues, commonly after bone marrow transplants. It is an immune-mediated disease but not autoimmune, as the immune response is directed against foreign host tissues rather than self. This distinction is key in identifying autoimmune diseases.

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?a. A heart attackb. Acute anaphylaxisc. Farmer’s lungd. Graft-versus-host diseasee. Systemic lupus erythematosus