Nitrification converts:a. organic nitrogen to NH3b. NH3 to NH4+c. NH4+ or NH3 to NO3d. NO3 to N2

Ch. 27 - Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

Bauman - Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy 6th Edition

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Bauman 6th Edition

Ch. 27 - Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

문제 6

27장, 문제 6

Nitrification converts:
a. organic nitrogen to NH3
b. NH₃ to NH₄⁺
c. NH₄+ or NH₃ to NO₃
d. NO₃to N₂

검증된 단계별 안내

Understand the process of nitrification in the nitrogen cycle, which involves the biological oxidation of ammonia (NH3) or ammonium ions (NH4+) into nitrate (NO3-).

Recall that nitrification is a two-step process: first, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria convert NH3 or NH4+ into nitrite (NO2-), and then nitrite-oxidizing bacteria convert NO2- into nitrate (NO3-).

Analyze each option in the question to see which matches the conversion described in nitrification:

a. Organic nitrogen to NH3 is ammonification, not nitrification.

b. NH3 to NH4+ is a chemical equilibrium, not the nitrification process.

c. NH4+ or NH3 to NO3- matches the overall nitrification process.

d. NO3- to N2 is denitrification, a different process.

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주요 개념

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Nitrification Process

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process in the nitrogen cycle where ammonia (NH3) or ammonium ions (NH4+) are oxidized first to nitrite (NO2-) and then to nitrate (NO3-). This process is primarily carried out by specialized bacteria such as Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.

Role of Ammonia and Ammonium in Nitrification

Ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4+) serve as the initial substrates for nitrification. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria convert these compounds into nitrite, which is then further oxidized to nitrate by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, making nitrogen available in a form usable by plants.

Difference Between Nitrification and Other Nitrogen Transformations

Nitrification specifically refers to the oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrate, distinct from processes like nitrogen fixation (conversion of N2 to NH3) or denitrification (reduction of nitrate to N2). Understanding these differences helps clarify the correct answer choice.