Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central focus of economics according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

The study of how people make choices among scarce resources and how those choices affect society.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of an economic agent?

Accepted Answer

A consumer deciding between two brands of cereal.

Question 3

Scarcity in economics refers to:

Accepted Answer

The situation of having unlimited wants in a world of limited resources.

Question 4

Which of the following statements best distinguishes positive economics from normative economics?

Accepted Answer

Positive economics describes what people actually do, while normative economics recommends what people ought to do.

Question 5

Suppose a student has $$\20$ to spend on either books or movies. If books cost $$\$$10$$ each and movies cost $$\5$ each, which of the following combinations is within the student’s budget constraint?

Accepted Answer

1 book and 2 movies

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of opportunity cost?

Accepted Answer

A student chooses to attend a concert instead of studying for an exam, giving up a higher grade.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a principle of economics as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Maximization of government revenue

Question 8

In the context of equilibrium, which of the following scenarios best represents an equilibrium situation?

Accepted Answer

A classroom where no student can improve their grade by changing their behavior, given what everyone else is doing.

Question 9

A city government wants to reduce traffic congestion. According to the principle of optimization, which of the following policies is most consistent with this principle?

Accepted Answer

Implementing a toll system that encourages drivers to consider the cost of driving during peak hours.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes empiricism in economics?

Accepted Answer

Using data to test theories and determine if they match actual human behavior.

Question 11

If a person faces the following budget constraint: $$2x + 4y \leq 20$$, where $$x is $$the number of sandwiches and $$y is $$the number of drinks, which of the following bundles is affordable?

Accepted Answer

$$(x=3, y=2)$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about trade-offs is correct?

Accepted Answer

Trade-offs arise because choosing one option means giving up another.

Question 13

A government is considering two policies: building a new highway or investing in education. If the government chooses the highway, the opportunity cost is:

Accepted Answer

The benefits that would have been gained from investing in education.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of using empiricism in economics?

Accepted Answer

Collecting data on consumer purchases to test whether a new tax affects buying behavior.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?

Accepted Answer

Microeconomics studies the choices of individuals, firms, and governments, while macroeconomics studies the whole economy.

Question 16

A person is deciding between working overtime for extra pay or spending time with family. This decision is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A trade-off, because the person must give up one benefit to gain another.

Question 17

Which of the following is a normative economic statement?

Accepted Answer

The government should increase the minimum wage.

Question 18

Suppose a city observes that crowded beaches and hot temperatures go together. Which economic principle is most relevant when analyzing whether closing beaches would make the city cooler?

Accepted Answer

Empiricism, because it is important to understand causality before making policy decisions.

Question 19

If everyone in a market is optimizing and no one can be made better off by changing their behavior, the market is said to be in:

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the optimal level of crime is probably not zero, according to economic reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Because the cost of reducing crime to zero may exceed the benefits.

Chapter 1: The Principles and Practice of Economics – Microeconomics Study Notes

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