Question 1

Which of the following best describes the rationing function of prices in a market system?

Accepted Answer

Prices synchronize the decisions of buyers and sellers, leading to equilibrium.

Question 2

Suppose the government sets a price ceiling on rental apartments below the equilibrium price. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

A shortage of rental apartments and the emergence of hidden markets.

Question 3

If both the demand and supply for a good increase simultaneously, what is the certain outcome?

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium quantity increases.

Question 4

A binding price floor set above the equilibrium price will result in:

Accepted Answer

A surplus that cannot be eliminated through market adjustment.

Question 5

Why do agricultural price supports often lead to surpluses?

Accepted Answer

Farmers increase production due to guaranteed prices.

Question 6

What is the effect of raising the minimum wage above the equilibrium wage?

Accepted Answer

Increased cost of hiring workers.

Question 7

Which equation represents consumer surplus in a market?

Accepted Answer

$$CS = \sum_{i=1}^{n} (WTP_i - P)$$

Question 8

A price ceiling set below the market clearing price causes:

Accepted Answer

A shortage, which cannot be eliminated through market adjustment.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a method of nonprice rationing?

Accepted Answer

Rationing by market price

Question 10

What is an unintended consequence of price controls in the pharmaceutical industry?

Accepted Answer

A rise in hidden markets for medications

Question 11

Which formula best represents producer surplus?

Accepted Answer

$$PS = \sum_{i=1}^{n} (P - MC_i)$$

Question 12

If the supply of a good decreases while demand increases, what happens to equilibrium price and quantity?

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium price increases; change in equilibrium quantity is uncertain.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why middlemen are important in the price system?

Accepted Answer

They reduce transaction costs by providing information.

Question 14

What is deadweight loss in the context of price controls?

Accepted Answer

The loss of total surplus due to market inefficiency caused by underproduction or overproduction.

Question 15

Which equation shows the market equilibrium condition?

Accepted Answer

$$Q_d(P^*) = Q_s(P^*)$$

Question 16

Why do governments impose tariff rate quotas?

Accepted Answer

To control the volume of imported goods

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of nonprice rationing?

Accepted Answer

Distributing water through public pumps with long waiting lines

Question 18

If a price ceiling is set above the equilibrium price, what is the effect on the market?

Accepted Answer

No effect; the ceiling is non-binding.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes voluntary exchange in the price system?

Accepted Answer

An act of trading that makes both parties subjectively better off.

Question 20

Which of the following is a likely response by firms to a government-imposed minimum wage above equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Reducing fringe benefits or cutting hours for existing workers.

Extensions of Demand and Supply Analysis – Microeconomics Study Notes

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