Q: Which of the following formulas correctly calculates the percentage change in a variable from one period to the next?

$$ \text{Percentage Change} = \frac{\text{New Value} - \text{Old Value}}{\text{Old Value}} \times 100 $$

Q: Suppose the price of pizza decreases from $$14 to 12$$, and the quantity demanded increases from 55 to 65 per week. What is the slope of the demand curve between these two points?

$$ \text{Slope} = \frac{12 - 14}{65 - 55} = \frac{-2}{10} = -0.2 $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of scarcity in economics?

Accepted Answer

Scarcity means that resources are limited and cannot satisfy all human wants.

Question 2

A student is deciding whether to spend an extra hour studying for an exam or to watch TV. According to economic theory, what should the student compare to make an optimal decision?

Accepted Answer

The marginal benefit of studying versus the marginal cost of not watching TV.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a positive economic statement?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the minimum wage will lead to higher unemployment among teenagers.

Question 4

Suppose a government introduces a new subsidy for electric cars. Which economic idea explains why more people might buy electric cars as a result?

Accepted Answer

People respond to economic incentives.

Question 5

If a country decides to produce more military goods and fewer consumer goods, what is the opportunity cost of this decision?

Accepted Answer

The consumer goods that are not produced.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a mixed economy?

Accepted Answer

An economy where most decisions result from market interactions, but the government plays a significant role.

Question 7

A firm can produce a product using either more labor or more machines. If the cost of labor rises, what is the most likely response according to economic theory?

Accepted Answer

The firm will use more machines and less labor.

Question 8

Which of the following formulas correctly calculates the percentage change in a variable from one period to the next?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Percentage Change} = \frac{	ext{New Value} - 	ext{Old Value}}{	ext{Old Value}} 	imes 100 $$

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of voluntary exchange?

Accepted Answer

A consumer buys a coffee from a café, and both the consumer and the café are better off.

Question 10

Suppose the price of pizza decreases from $$14 to 12$$, and the quantity demanded increases from 55 to 65 per week. What is the slope of the demand curve between these two points?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Slope} = \frac{12 - 14}{65 - 55} = \frac{-2}{10} = -0.2 $$

Question 11

Which of the following is a normative statement?

Accepted Answer

The government should provide free healthcare to all citizens.

Question 12

What is the main difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?

Accepted Answer

Microeconomics studies individual markets and decision-makers, while macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole.

Question 13

A government imposes a tariff on imported steel. According to economic analysis, what is a likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The losses to consumers and other industries typically outweigh the gains to domestic steel producers.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of productive efficiency?

Accepted Answer

A factory produces cars at the lowest possible cost using the best available technology.

Question 15

If the area of a rectangle on a graph represents total revenue, and the price per unit is $2.00 while the quantity sold is 125,000 units, what is the total revenue?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Total Revenue} = 2.00 	imes 125,000 = 250,000 $$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes allocative efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Goods and services are produced up to the point where the last unit provides a marginal benefit to consumers equal to the marginal cost of producing it.

Question 17

A graph shows a positive relationship between disposable personal income and consumption spending. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

As disposable personal income increases, consumption spending also increases.

Question 18

Which of the following is a common problem when using graphs to analyze economic relationships?

Accepted Answer

Confusing correlation with causation.

Question 19

If a line on a graph has a constant slope, what does this indicate about the relationship between the two variables?

Accepted Answer

The relationship is linear.

Microeconomics: Foundations and Models – Chapter 1 Study Notes

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