A packaged food lists serving mass as 100 g, but the macronutrient line items add to only 12 g. A student argues the product must be 88% water. Which of the following best analyzes the student's claim?

The student is incorrect; the missing mass is certainly packaging residue reported on the label, which typically accounts for most of the discrepancy in serving mass.

The student is correct only if the product contains exactly 88% alcohol instead of water, because alcohol would not be listed under macronutrients on many labels.

The student must be wrong since macronutrients always account for nearly 100% of the food's mass in commercially labeled foods; missing mass indicates mislabeling.

The student's claim is plausible: most of the remaining mass is likely water and non-caloric components (e.g., salt, ash, fiber), but precise water content requires more information such as fiber or moisture analysis.