Which piece of evidence would most strongly support the thrifty gene hypothesis at a population level?

Consistent associations across multiple populations showing alleles that increase energy storage were positively selected during historical famines and now increase obesity risk in calorie-rich environments

Laboratory demonstrations that fasting for 24 hours increases appetite in healthy volunteers

Observations that portion sizes increased in the past 50 years and processed foods are cheaper in one country

A single case report of rapid weight gain in an individual who migrated from a food-scarce region to a food-abundant country