Q: A food contains 20 grams of carbohydrate, 10 grams of protein, and 5 grams of fat. Calculate the total energy content of the food in kilocalories using the following values: $$4\ \text{kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrate, $$4\ \text{kcal/g}$$ for protein, and $$9\ \text{kcal/g}$$ for fat.

$$(20 \times 4) + (10 \times 4) + (5 \times 9) = 80 + 40 + 45 = 165\ \text{kcal}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a nutrient-dense food?

Accepted Answer

A food that contains a high amount of nutrients relative to its calorie content.

Question 2

Which hormone is released by the pancreas when blood glucose levels are low, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose.

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which enzyme deficiency is most likely responsible for their symptoms, and what is the main consequence?

Accepted Answer

Lactase deficiency; inability to digest lactose leading to gastrointestinal discomfort.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the absorption of lipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are absorbed into specialized lymphatic capillaries called lacteals before entering the bloodstream.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why plant oils are typically liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They are composed mainly of unsaturated fatty acids, which have bends due to double bonds and do not pack tightly.

Question 6

A food contains 20 grams of carbohydrate, 10 grams of protein, and 5 grams of fat. Calculate the total energy content of the food in kilocalories using the following values: $$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrate, $$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$ for protein, and $$9\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$ for fat.

Accepted Answer

$$(20 	imes 4) + (10 	imes 4) + (5 	imes 9) = 80 + 40 + 45 = 165\ 	ext{kcal}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of soluble fiber in the diet?

Accepted Answer

It helps transport cholesterol from bile out of the body.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of bile in fat digestion?

Accepted Answer

Bile salts emulsify fats, increasing their surface area for enzyme action.

Question 9

A person consumes a meal high in simple carbohydrates, causing a rapid increase in blood glucose. Which hormone is released, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; stimulates cells to take up glucose and lowers blood glucose.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why whole grains are recommended over refined grains?

Accepted Answer

Whole grains contain more fiber and vitamins than refined grains.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver in nutrient processing?

Accepted Answer

Absorbing nutrients directly from the GI tract.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the glycemic index (GI)?

Accepted Answer

A measure of how quickly a carbohydrate-rich food is digested and raises blood glucose.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of digestive secretion and its function?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic juice – contains bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.

Question 14

A person eats a meal containing 60 grams of carbohydrate. If their Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for carbohydrate is 130 grams, what percentage of their RDA did they consume?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{60}{130} 	imes 100 = 46.2\%$$

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

It is not digested but is absorbed and also synthesized by the body.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of cholecystokinin (CCK) in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It signals the gall bladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

It recovers about 90% of the water that enters it.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why fiber is important in the diet, even though it is not digestible?

Accepted Answer

It helps move material through the large intestine and combats constipation.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They contain two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

Question 20

A person is following the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Which of the following recommendations would be consistent with these guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Choose nutrient-dense foods and limit energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods.

BIO 155 – Nutrition: Study Guide for Test 1 (Chapters 1–5)

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