Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a meal, and through which transporter does it facilitate glucose uptake into muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin via GLUT4

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Laboratory results show fasting plasma glucose of 140 mg/dL and HbA1C of 7.2%. What is the most likely diagnosis based on these values?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of glucagon during fasting?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver

Question 4

A person with Type 1 Diabetes forgets to take their insulin. Which metabolic complication are they at greatest risk for, and what is a key symptom?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic ketoacidosis; fruity-smelling breath

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a recommended nutrition strategy for managing Type 2 Diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Consume alcohol to lower blood glucose

Question 6

A patient with reactive hypoglycemia experiences symptoms after eating a high-carbohydrate meal. What is the physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

Excessive insulin secretion after eating

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why physical activity is recommended for individuals with insulin resistance?

Accepted Answer

It enhances GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane, improving glucose uptake

Question 8

A person with Type 2 Diabetes has a fasting plasma glucose of 160 mg/dL and an HbA1C of 8.5%. According to the American Diabetes Association, what is the target range for fasting blood glucose and HbA1C for optimal management?

Accepted Answer

$$80 to$$ $$130 mg/dL$; HbA1C \u003c 7\%$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is correct?

Accepted Answer

A 2-hour plasma glucose of $$200 mg/dL$ or above is $$diagnostic for diabetes

Question 10

Which of the following is a long-term complication of poorly managed Type 2 Diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic retinopathy

Question 11

A patient with hypoglycemia is advised to follow the '15-15 Rule.' What does this entail?

Accepted Answer

Consume 15 grams of carbohydrate and check blood glucose after 15 minutes

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 is an autoimmune disease requiring insulin therapy; Type 2 is characterized by insulin resistance and may be managed with lifestyle changes

Question 13

Which ethnic group in the United States has the highest prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes according to the provided data?

Accepted Answer

American Indian/Alaska Native

Question 14

Which of the following is a sign of diabetic peripheral neuropathy?

Accepted Answer

Burning and tingling feet

Question 15

A person with Type 2 Diabetes is prescribed an insulin pump. What is the primary function of this device?

Accepted Answer

Deliver a continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why untreated Type 1 Diabetes leads to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Accepted Answer

Lack of insulin leads to increased lipolysis and ketone production

Question 17

Which of the following is a recommended dietary strategy for preventing hypoglycemic episodes in individuals with hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

Spread carbohydrate intake throughout the day and include protein and fat with meals

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of cortisol in blood glucose regulation during long-term stress?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood glucose by promoting gluconeogenesis

Question 19

A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is advised to increase their intake of soluble fiber. Which of the following is a likely benefit?

Accepted Answer

Improved blood glucose control due to slower carbohydrate absorption

Blood Glucose Regulation and Diabetes: Mechanisms, Types, and Nutrition Management

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