Q: A food contains 30 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat per serving. If a person eats two servings, how many total kilocalories are consumed? Use the following values: $$4 \text{ kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrate and protein, $$9 \text{ kcal/g}$$ for fat.

$$(30 \times 4 + 5 \times 4 + 2 \times 9) \times 2 = 328 \text{ kcal}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why amylopectin is digested more rapidly than amylose?

Accepted Answer

Amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide, providing more sites for enzymatic action.

Question 2

A patient with type 1 diabetes is experiencing shakiness and confusion. Their blood glucose is measured at 60 mg/dL. What is the most likely cause and appropriate immediate action?

Accepted Answer

They are experiencing hypoglycemia; provide a quick source of glucose.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber slows glucose absorption and lowers LDL cholesterol.

Question 4

A food contains 30 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat per serving. If a person eats two servings, how many total kilocalories are consumed? Use the following values: $$4 	ext{ kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrate and protein, $$9 	ext{ kcal/g}$$ for fat.

Accepted Answer

$$(30 	imes 4 + 5 	imes 4 + 2 	imes 9) 	imes 2 = 328 	ext{ kcal}$$

Question 5

Which process describes the formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides, and what is released during this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Condensation; water is released.

Question 6

A person consumes a meal high in carbohydrates. Which hormone is released, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into cells.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between LDL and HDL lipoproteins?

Accepted Answer

LDL delivers cholesterol to cells, while HDL removes cholesterol from the bloodstream.

Question 8

Which fatty acid is considered essential and must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Linoleic acid

Question 9

A patient has a total cholesterol of 210 mg/dL, LDL of 130 mg/dL, and HDL of 40 mg/dL. According to the study materials, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Total cholesterol and LDL are above desirable levels; HDL is below desirable.

Question 10

Which of the following is a consequence of hydrogenating vegetable oils?

Accepted Answer

It creates trans fats, which raise LDL and lower HDL cholesterol.

Question 11

A vegan athlete wants to ensure adequate intake of all essential amino acids. Which strategy is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Combine complementary plant proteins, such as beans and rice.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of deamination?

Accepted Answer

The removal of an amino group from an amino acid, producing ammonia.

Question 13

A child presents with edema, an enlarged fatty liver, and is no longer growing. Which form of protein-energy malnutrition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding alcohol metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol to acetaldehyde.

Question 15

A woman and a man of similar size consume the same amount of alcohol. The woman has a higher blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Which factor best explains this difference?

Accepted Answer

Women have lower activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach.

Question 16

Which of the following is a health benefit associated with consuming adequate dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Improved bowel regularity and reduced risk of heart disease

Question 17

A person is following a diet that provides 60% of calories from carbohydrates, 25% from fat, and 15% from protein. According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR), which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate and fat intake are within the recommended ranges.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as protein or fat.

Question 19

A person with a hemoglobin A1c of 7.2% is most likely to be diagnosed with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 20

Which of the following combinations provides all three parts of a whole grain?

Accepted Answer

Bran, germ, and endosperm

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Alcohol: Core Concepts in Nutrition

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