Q: A food contains 20 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. What is the total caloric value of this food?

$$(20 \times 4) + (5 \times 4) + (2 \times 9) = 108$$ kcal

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of photosynthesis in plants?

Accepted Answer

Plants use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.

Question 2

Which statement correctly distinguishes between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is a straight chain of glucose units, while amylopectin is a branched chain.

Question 3

A patient complains of bloating and diarrhea within two hours of consuming dairy products. Which condition is most likely responsible, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Lactose intolerance; lack of lactase enzyme to break down lactose

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct equation for the process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is a carbohydrate, but humans lack the digestive enzyme to break its beta-glycosidic bonds.

Question 6

A person has not eaten for 24 hours. Which metabolic process is most likely providing glucose for their brain?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 7

Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 8

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Dietary fiber can be both soluble and insoluble, and both contribute to total fiber intake.

Question 9

A food contains 20 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. What is the total caloric value of this food?

Accepted Answer

$$(20 	imes 4) + (5 	imes 4) + (2 	imes 9) = 108$$ kcal

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of glycogen in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is a storage form of glucose found in the liver and muscles, released when blood glucose is low.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the digestion of starch in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Mouth (salivary amylase) → Small intestine (pancreatic amylase) → Disaccharides broken down by enzymes

Question 12

After 18 hours of fasting, which metabolic change is most likely to occur in the body?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen stores in the liver are depleted, and the body begins to rely on fat and protein for fuel.

Question 13

Which of the following is a byproduct of incomplete fat breakdown during prolonged fasting or low carbohydrate intake?

Accepted Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber dissolves in water and can help lower cholesterol, while insoluble fiber does not dissolve and aids in bowel regularity.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct definition of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about insulin and glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake, while glucagon raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown.

Question 17

A person consumes a meal high in soluble fiber. Which of the following is a likely physiological effect?

Accepted Answer

Slower gastric emptying and reduced blood cholesterol levels.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why only the liver and kidneys can perform gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Only the liver and kidneys have all the necessary enzymes for gluconeogenesis.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of pancreatic amylase in carbohydrate digestion?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic amylase breaks down remaining starch into maltose in the small intestine.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Digestion, and Metabolism

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