Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why carbohydrates are considered the preferred energy source for the brain and red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose, a monosaccharide, is the only energy source that can cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently.

Question 2

A patient with lactose intolerance is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in which enzyme, and what are the likely symptoms after consuming dairy?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency in lactase; symptoms include nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and flatulence.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is an unbranched chain of glucose units, while amylopectin is highly branched.

Question 4

A person consumes a meal high in carbohydrates. Which hormone is released by the pancreas in response to the resulting increase in blood glucose, and what is its primary action?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells and storage as glycogen.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of photosynthesis, which is responsible for the production of carbohydrates in plants?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a health benefit associated with a diet high in soluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Lowers elevated blood cholesterol levels.

Question 7

A food label lists the following: Total Carbohydrate 30g, Dietary Fiber 5g, Total Sugars 10g. What is the amount of digestible carbohydrate in one serving?

Accepted Answer

25g

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why excessive consumption of added sugars is associated with increased risk of dental caries?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria in the mouth ferment sugars, producing acid that demineralizes tooth enamel.

Question 9

A patient with type 1 diabetes is at risk for diabetic ketoacidosis if they do not receive insulin. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Without insulin, glucose cannot enter cells, so the body breaks down fat, producing acidic ketone bodies.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the glycemic index (GI)?

Accepted Answer

A ranking of how a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood glucose compared to pure glucose.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct recommendation for daily fiber intake for adult males under 50 years old?

Accepted Answer

38 grams per day

Question 12

A person is fasting for more than 24 hours. Which process is primarily responsible for maintaining their blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of carbohydrate type and example?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharide – Lactose

Question 14

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber can be fermented by intestinal bacteria, producing beneficial by-products.

Question 15

A person with hypoglycemia experiences symptoms such as shakiness and dizziness. Which of the following best explains the physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels fall below normal, depriving the brain and other tissues of adequate energy.

Question 16

Which of the following is a likely consequence of consuming a diet high in added sugars but low in nutrient-dense foods?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of dental caries and poor micronutrient intake.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of glycogenolysis?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glycogen to release glucose.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic amylase and brush border enzymes in the small intestine are essential for carbohydrate digestion.

Question 19

A person consumes a meal containing 60g of carbohydrate, 10g of which is fiber. If each gram of digestible carbohydrate provides 4 kcal, what is the total energy provided by the digestible carbohydrate in this meal?

Accepted Answer

$$(60g - 10g) 	imes 4 	ext{ kcal/g} = 200 	ext{ kcal}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a scientifically supported health benefit of a high-fiber diet?

Accepted Answer

Lower risk of heart disease and improved blood glucose control.

Carbs (nutrition)

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