Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process by which plants produce carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis, where plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen.

Question 2

Which monosaccharide is the most abundant in the human diet and body, and is the primary energy source for the brain?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 3

Which disaccharide is composed of glucose and galactose, and is commonly found in milk products?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 4

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Dietary fiber is a nondigestible polysaccharide that can be fermented by colonic bacteria.

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch into maltose in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 6

What is the primary function of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells and lowers blood glucose levels

Question 7

A patient with Type 1 diabetes is most likely to require which of the following treatments?

Accepted Answer

Insulin injections or pump therapy

Question 8

Which of the following is a health risk associated with diets high in added sugars?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells rely exclusively on glucose for energy?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells lack mitochondria and can only metabolize glucose anaerobically.

Question 10

A person consumes a meal high in carbohydrates. Which hormone is released and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; decreases blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into cells

Question 11

Which of the following is a recommended dietary guideline for carbohydrate intake according to the 2025–2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Accepted Answer

Consume less than 10% of total energy from added sugars.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber dissolves in water and can lower blood cholesterol; insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and promotes regular bowel movements.

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the energy provided by carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$4 \ 	ext{kcal/gram}$$

Question 14

A patient with lactose intolerance is unable to digest which disaccharide, and what is the likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Lactose; lack of lactase enzyme

Question 15

Which of the following is a potential risk of consuming more than 50g/day of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Intestinal blockages and mineral deficiencies

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids

Question 17

Which of the following sweeteners should be avoided by individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Accepted Answer

Aspartame

Question 18

Which of the following statements about low-carbohydrate diets is supported by current evidence?

Accepted Answer

They may cause side effects such as constipation, fatigue, and bone loss.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why fructose does not stimulate insulin release?

Accepted Answer

Fructose is metabolized differently than glucose and is absorbed further down in the small intestine.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of soluble fiber in the diet?

Accepted Answer

Delays gastric emptying, helps control blood glucose, and lowers blood cholesterol

Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, Digestion, and Health Implications

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