Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are the most desirable form of energy, especially for the brain and red blood cells.

Question 2

During photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight into which carbohydrate molecule?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a disaccharide and its monosaccharide components?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose = glucose + fructose

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why fiber is considered a nondigestible polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the digestive enzymes needed to break down fiber.

Question 5

A patient with lactose intolerance is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms after consuming dairy products?

Accepted Answer

Nausea, cramps, bloating, diarrhea, and flatulence

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the pancreas in response to rising blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 7

What is the process called when the liver produces glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, primarily protein?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 8

If a person consumes more glucose than their immediate energy needs, what happens to the excess glucose?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles, and any further excess is converted to fat.

Question 9

According to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI), what is the minimum amount of carbohydrates recommended per day for brain function?

Accepted Answer

$$130$$ grams

Question 10

Which of the following foods is most likely to contain both soluble and insoluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Whole grains

Question 11

Which of the following statements about added sugars is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Added sugars provide calories but few nutrients, and excessive intake may increase the risk of chronic diseases.

Question 12

A 2,000-calorie diet should contain less than what percentage of total calories from added sugars, according to the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Accepted Answer

$$10\%$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a potential health consequence of consuming too much added sugar?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of heart disease and weight gain

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 is an autoimmune disease resulting in no insulin production, while type 2 involves insulin resistance.

Question 15

A food has a glycemic index (GI) of $$80$$ and contains $$30$$ grams of carbohydrate per serving. What is its glycemic load (GL)? Use the formula $$GL = \frac{GI 	imes 	ext{carbohydrate (g)}}{100}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$24$$

Question 16

Which of the following sugar substitutes should be avoided by individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Accepted Answer

Aspartame

Question 17

Which of the following is a health benefit associated with a high-fiber diet?

Accepted Answer

Lower risk of heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers

Question 18

A patient is experiencing hypoglycemia. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose level below $$70 mg/dL$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for increasing daily fiber intake?

Accepted Answer

Gradually increase fiber intake and drink more fluids

Question 20

Which of the following statements about whole grains is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Whole grains contain the bran, endosperm, and germ, providing more fiber and nutrients than refined grains.

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fiber – Comprehensive Study Notes

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