Q: A person consumes 60 grams of added sugar in a day. If each gram of sugar provides 4 calories, what percentage of a 2,000 calorie diet does this represent? Use the formula $$\text{Percentage} = \frac{\text{Calories from sugar}}{\text{Total calories}} \times 100.$$

$$\frac{60 \times 4}{2000} \times 100 = 12\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of noncarbohydrate sources into glucose, primarily in the liver and kidneys.

Question 2

A patient with phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid which sugar substitute due to its amino acid content?

Accepted Answer

Aspartame

Question 3

Which of the following statements about fiber is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber dissolves in water and can help lower blood cholesterol levels.

Question 4

A person consumes 60 grams of added sugar in a day. If each gram of sugar provides 4 calories, what percentage of a 2,000 calorie diet does this represent? Use the formula $$	ext{Percentage} = \frac{	ext{Calories from sugar}}{	ext{Total calories}} 	imes 100.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{60 	imes 4}{2000} 	imes 100 = 12\%$$

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 6

A person on a low-carbohydrate diet is at risk of developing ketosis. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient carbohydrate intake leads to incomplete fat breakdown, resulting in the accumulation of ketone bodies.

Question 7

Which of the following foods is most likely to contain both soluble and insoluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Apple with skin

Question 8

Which of the following statements about added sugars is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Added sugars can increase blood triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol when consumed in excess.

Question 9

A food label lists the following ingredients in order: whole grain oats, sugar, honey, brown rice syrup. What can you infer about the sugar content of this product?

Accepted Answer

The product contains multiple sources of added sugars and is likely high in sugar.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why fiber can help prevent obesity?

Accepted Answer

High-fiber foods increase satiety, causing people to eat fewer calories overall.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct match between a carbohydrate type and its example?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharide – Lactose

Question 12

A person is experiencing symptoms of lactose intolerance. Which of the following best explains the physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

A deficiency of the enzyme lactase in the small intestine.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about sugar substitutes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Aspartame is much sweeter than table sugar and provides 4 calories per gram.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Promotes the uptake of glucose by cells and storage as glycogen.

Question 15

A 35-year-old woman wants to increase her fiber intake to help lower her cholesterol. Which type of fiber should she focus on, and why?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber, because it binds to cholesterol in the digestive tract and helps remove it from the body.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is a straight chain of glucose units, while amylopectin is branched.

Question 17

A person consumes 150 grams of carbohydrates in a day. If the DRI minimum is 130 grams per day, by what percentage did they exceed the minimum? Use the formula $$	ext{Percentage Exceeded} = \frac{	ext{Actual} - 	ext{Minimum}}{	ext{Minimum}} 	imes 100.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{150 - 130}{130} 	imes 100 = 15.4\%$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a potential negative effect of consuming too much fiber?

Accepted Answer

Reduced absorption of some vitamins and minerals, and possible diarrhea.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why whole grains are recommended over refined grains?

Accepted Answer

Whole grains provide more fiber and nutrients than refined grains.

Question 20

During intense physical activity, which hormone is released to rapidly increase blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fiber – Study Notes

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