Q: Which equation describes the breakdown of starch by pancreatic amylase?

$$\text{Starch} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{amylase}} \text{Maltose}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the activation of pepsinogen to pepsin in the stomach?

$$\text{Pepsinogen} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{Pepsin}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes hunger from appetite?

Accepted Answer

Hunger is a physiological drive for food that can be satisfied by a variety of foods, while appetite is a psychological desire for specific foods.

Question 2

A person is watching TV and eating popcorn, even though they are not physically hungry. Which process is most likely influencing their eating behavior?

Accepted Answer

Appetite, because environmental cues are triggering a desire for popcorn.

Question 3

Which hormone is released by the stomach and acts on the hypothalamus to stimulate hunger?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 4

Meals high in which macronutrient are most likely to promote a sense of satiety?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 5

Which organ produces bile for the emulsification of fats?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 6

What is the primary function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for nutrient absorption

Question 7

Which equation best represents the neutralization of stomach acid by bicarbonate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{HCl} + \mathrm{$$NaHCO_3$$} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{CO_2$}$$

Question 8

A patient with celiac disease must avoid foods containing which protein?

Accepted Answer

Gliadin

Question 9

Which of the following foods is most likely to contain live probiotic microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Kimchi

Question 10

Which process is responsible for moving food through the esophagus to the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 11

Which hormone signals the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 12

Which equation describes the breakdown of starch by pancreatic amylase?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Starch} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} \xrightarrow{	ext{amylase}} 	ext{Maltose}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a prebiotic food that supports the growth of beneficial gut bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Garlic

Question 14

Which nutrient transport pathway is used for fat-soluble nutrients after absorption in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Into the lymphatic system due to their size

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with GERD. Which dietary recommendation is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Eat smaller, frequent meals and avoid trigger foods such as mint, chocolate, and caffeine.

Question 16

Which equation best represents the activation of pepsinogen to pepsin in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Pepsinogen} + 	ext{HCl} ightarrow 	ext{Pepsin}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Primary site of nutrient absorption

Question 18

Which hormone is released by S-cells in the duodenum and stimulates the release of pancreatic bicarbonate?

Accepted Answer

Secretin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It controls secretions, blood flow, hormone release, and motility throughout the GI tract.

Question 20

A patient with a peptic ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori is most likely to benefit from which treatment?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics and medications to reduce stomach acid

Chapter 3: Digestion – The Human Body & Digestion

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