Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between digestion, absorption, and excretion in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Digestion is the breakdown of food, absorption is the movement of nutrients into the blood, and excretion is the elimination of undigested food and waste.

Question 2

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating hunger in humans?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 3

A patient presents with burning pain in the chest after meals, which improves with antacids. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Heartburn

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 5

Which type of absorption in the small intestine requires energy and a carrier protein?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

A person with celiac disease must avoid foods containing which protein?

Accepted Answer

Gluten

Question 7

Which of the following is a major function of the liver in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Producing bile to aid in fat digestion

Question 8

Which of the following foods is most likely to have a high satiety value?

Accepted Answer

Grilled chicken breast

Question 9

A patient experiences bloating and diarrhea after consuming milk, but does not have an immune response. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Lactose intolerance

Question 10

Which of the following is a symptom of a food allergy but NOT a food intolerance?

Accepted Answer

Hives and swelling

Question 11

Which equation best represents the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$ BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{height\ (m)^2$} $$

Question 12

Which neuromuscular process is responsible for moving food through the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 13

Which of the following recommendations is most appropriate for alleviating symptoms of GERD?

Accepted Answer

Avoid spicy and fatty foods

Question 14

Which of the following is a common cause of peptic ulcers?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Question 15

Which component of gluten is most responsible for triggering celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Gliadin

Question 16

A patient with celiac disease is diagnosed using which of the following methods?

Accepted Answer

Blood tests for specific antibodies and intestinal biopsy

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

High blood pressure

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes a food intolerance?

Accepted Answer

It is a non-immune reaction, often due to enzyme deficiency.

Question 19

Which organ is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 20

Which of the following allergens must be listed on a Nutrition Facts Label according to U.S. regulations?

Accepted Answer

Peanuts

Chapter 3: Human Body Organization, Digestion, and Food-Related Disorders

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