Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary goals of digestion in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To break down large molecules into smaller molecules and absorb them into cells

Question 2

Which region of the brain contains the feeding center and satiety center that regulate hunger and fullness?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 3

Which hormone is produced in the stomach and stimulates hunger?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 4

What is the main function of the epiglottis during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

To cover the opening to the trachea and prevent food from entering the airway

Question 5

Which enzyme begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 6

What is the role of hydrochloric acid ($$HCl) in $$the stomach?

Accepted Answer

To denature proteins and activate pepsin

Question 7

Which structure controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Pyloric sphincter

Question 8

Which accessory organ produces bile to emulsify fats?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 9

Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 10

Which structure in the small intestine increases surface area for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Villi

Question 11

Water-soluble nutrients are transported from the small intestine to the liver via which vessel?

Accepted Answer

Portal vein

Question 12

Which nervous system branch directly regulates contractions and secretions in the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

Enteric nervous system (ENS)

Question 13

Which of the following is a chronic condition characterized by severe nausea and vomiting that can last for hours or days?

Accepted Answer

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS)

Question 14

A patient presents with persistent heartburn occurring more than twice per week. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 15

Which bacterium is most commonly associated with the development of gastric and duodenal ulcers?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

It is an autoimmune disease causing intolerance to gluten

Question 17

Which of the following foods would be safest for someone with celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Rice

Question 18

A child presents with no tears when crying, sunken eyes, and no wet diaper for over 3 hours. What is the most likely condition?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Question 19

Which of the following foods provides the highest satiety value?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 20

A patient experiences abdominal cramps, bloating, and alternating diarrhea and constipation, but tests negative for celiac disease. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Chapter 3: The Human Body – Why We Really Eat What We Eat? (Digestion, Absorption, and Food-Related Disorders)

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