Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis as it relates to fluid balance in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration across a membrane.

Question 2

A marathon runner weighs herself before and after a race and finds she has lost 2 kg. According to the cornerstone method, what should she do to maintain proper hydration?

Accepted Answer

Replenish the lost water by drinking fluids equal to the weight lost.

Question 3

Which mineral is most associated with helping to lower blood pressure by causing the kidneys to excrete excess sodium?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 4

A patient presents with muscle weakness, cramps, and irregular heartbeats after several days of vomiting and diarrhea. Which mineral deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a universal solvent for biochemical reactions

Question 6

Which of the following minerals is most abundant in the human body and is primarily found in bones and teeth?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 7

A diet extremely high in which mineral, often due to supplementation, can lead to toxicity symptoms such as diarrhea, cramps, and nausea?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium

Question 8

Which of the following statements about sodium is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Processed foods contribute to the majority of sodium intake.

Question 9

Which mineral is a component of hemoglobin and is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 10

A person following a vegan diet is at increased risk for which mineral deficiency due to lower bioavailability and lack of animal sources?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 11

Which of the following is a symptom of hyponatremia?

Accepted Answer

Low blood sodium levels

Question 12

Which mineral's absorption is enhanced by vitamin C when consumed from plant sources?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?

Accepted Answer

Provides calories for energy

Question 14

Which mineral is most likely to be lost in sweat during intense physical activity, especially in hot environments?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Question 15

A patient with chronic low calcium intake is at increased risk for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why consuming too much zinc can lead to copper deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Zinc and copper compete for absorption in the intestinal tract.

Question 17

Which of the following is a trace mineral required in amounts less than 15 mg per day?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 18

Which of the following is a symptom of iron toxicity, especially in children?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea and abdominal pain

Question 19

Which mineral is important for supporting enzyme function, may help lower high blood pressure, and is found in vegetables, whole grains, and nuts?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium

Question 20

A patient presents with delayed sexual maturation, impaired taste, and slow wound healing. Which mineral deficiency is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Chapter 8: Minerals & Water – Study Notes for Nutrition Students

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