Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of starch?

Accepted Answer

A branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units

Question 2

What is the primary functional group present in all carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group $$\left( -OH \right)$$

Question 3

How much energy (in kcal) is provided by 1 gram of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$ kcal

Question 4

Which of the following is a recommended dietary guideline for carbohydrate intake in the US?

Accepted Answer

45-65% of total daily energy should come from carbohydrates

Question 5

A patient is experiencing hypoglycemia. Which hormone is primarily responsible for raising their blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 6

Which of the following foods is a good source of soluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Oats

Question 7

What is the main storage form of carbohydrate in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 8

A person consumes a meal high in carbohydrates. Which organ is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose by releasing insulin?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why omega-3 fatty acids are considered important in the diet?

Accepted Answer

They are essential for heart and brain health and must be obtained from the diet

Question 10

Which of the following statements about trans fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats increase LDL cholesterol and the risk of heart disease

Question 11

A food label lists a fat as 'saturated.' Which of the following best describes a saturated fat?

Accepted Answer

A fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon atoms

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of a complete protein?

Accepted Answer

It contains all essential amino acids in adequate amounts

Question 13

What is the energy yield (in kcal) from 1 gram of protein?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$ kcal

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme catalysis

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which enzyme is deficient in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 16

Which of the following is a major complication of not getting enough dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of constipation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the Mediterranean diet's impact on heart health?

Accepted Answer

It is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease due to high intake of healthy fats and plant foods

Question 18

Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Leucine

Question 19

A person is following a diet with 2,000 kcal per day. According to the DRI, what is the recommended range (in grams) for daily protein intake if 10-35% of energy should come from protein? (Use $$4$$ kcal/g for protein.)

Accepted Answer

$$50-175$$ grams

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why fiber is not digested in the human small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzymes to break the beta-glycosidic bonds in fiber

Comprehensive Study Guide: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins in Human Nutrition

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