Q: A food contains 10 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. Calculate the total calories in this food using the appropriate energy values for each macronutrient.

$$10 \times 4 + 5 \times 4 + 2 \times 9 = 40 + 20 + 18 = 78$$ calories

Q: A person consumes 60 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat in a meal. What percentage of the total calories comes from fat? (Use: carbohydrate = 4 kcal/g, protein = 4 kcal/g, fat = 9 kcal/g)

$$\text{Total kcal} = 60 \times 4 + 20 \times 4 + 10 \times 9 = 240 + 80 + 90 = 410$$ kcal; $$\%$$ from fat $$= \frac{90}{410} \times 100 \approx 22\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A nutrient that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot make it in adequate amounts.

Question 2

A food contains 10 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. Calculate the total calories in this food using the appropriate energy values for each macronutrient.

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 4 + 5 	imes 4 + 2 	imes 9 = 40 + 20 + 18 = 78$$ calories

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a micronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 4

Which Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) value is used to assess the nutrient intake of populations and represents the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a group?

Accepted Answer

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Question 5

A food label lists the following ingredients: whole wheat flour, sugar, canola oil, salt. Which ingredient is present in the largest amount by weight?

Accepted Answer

Whole wheat flour

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between experimental and epidemiological studies?

Accepted Answer

Experimental studies involve manipulation of variables and control groups, while epidemiological studies observe associations in populations.

Question 7

Which of the following is the MOST energy-dense macronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Fat

Question 8

A person consumes 60 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat in a meal. What percentage of the total calories comes from fat? (Use: carbohydrate = 4 kcal/g, protein = 4 kcal/g, fat = 9 kcal/g)

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total kcal} = 60 	imes 4 + 20 	imes 4 + 10 	imes 9 = 240 + 80 + 90 = 410$$ kcal; $$\%$$ from fat $$= \frac{90}{410} 	imes 100 \approx 22\%$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver

Question 10

Which of the following best describes nutrient density?

Accepted Answer

The amount of vitamins and minerals relative to the energy content of the food

Question 11

Which of the following is a recommended method for evaluating the reliability of a nutrition website?

Accepted Answer

Look for references to peer-reviewed scientific studies

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) is correct?

Accepted Answer

AMDRs provide recommended ranges for the percentage of calories from carbohydrate, protein, and fat.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.

Question 14

A patient is experiencing frequent heartburn. Which dietary modification is most likely to help reduce symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding trigger foods

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of a double-blind experiment?

Accepted Answer

Neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the treatment or placebo.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a probiotic?

Accepted Answer

Yogurt containing live cultures

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by the stomach and stimulates the secretion of gastric juice?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between fortified and enriched foods?

Accepted Answer

Fortified foods have nutrients added that were not originally present; enriched foods have nutrients added back that were lost during processing.

Question 19

Which of the following nutrients is absorbed directly into the lymphatic system rather than the vascular system?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins

Comprehensive Study Notes: Foundations of Nutrition (Chapters 1–3)

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